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. 2023 May 29;14:1199631. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199631

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Copyright © 2023 Xu, Wang, Yang, Wu, Li, Xiao, Xu, Xu and Wang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Regulation of macrophage PD-L1. We divided the factors affecting macrophage PD-L1 expression into four types: tumor-derived, macrophage-derived, TME-derived, and clinical-derived. G-CSF, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; LOXL4, lysyl oxidase-like protein 4; HMGB-1, high-mobility group box-1; CXCL8, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8; PTPRO, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O; AIM2, absent in melanoma 2; ROS, reactive oxygen species; IRE1α, inositol-requiring enzyme 1; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; COX2, cyclooxygenase-2. The figure was created with BioRender.com.