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. 2023 Mar 30;75(3):190–196. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2023.03.007

Table 2.

Clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic characteristics and treatment practices of the study cohort.

Characteristics Number of patients with missing data Overall study cohort
n = 1004
% (95% C.I.)
NYHA functional Class Nil
 Class I 5.3% (4.0% 6.9%)
 Class II 63% (59.8% 65.8%)
 Class III 21.7% (19.2% 24.4%)
 Class IV 10.1%
 Angina 10 25.0% (22.4% 27.9%)
 History of Syncope Nil 9.85% (8.1% 11.9%)
 Past CVA/peripheral embolism Nil 2.3% (1.5% 3.5%)
Electrocardiogram 174
 Atrial Fibrillation 13.6% (11.4% 16.2%)
 Complete heart block 0.9% (0.4% 2.0%)
 Left bundle branch block (LBBB) 33.1% (29.9% 36.5%)
 Right Bundle branch block (RBBB) 4.0% (2.8% 5.7%)
 QRS duration (mean±sd) milliseconds 245 107.1 ± 33.9
 QRS duration (≥150 ms) 17.6% (15.0% 20.5%)
Echocardiography Nil
 LVEF (mean±sd) Nil 29.3% ± 7.02%
 LVEF ≤20% Nil 13.6% (11.6% 16.0%)
 LVEF (21%–30%) Nil 40.08% (37.1% 43.3%)
 LVEF ≥31%–40%) Nil 46.2% (43.1% 49.4%)
 TAPSE 389 17.6 ± 6.88
 Right ventricular dysfunction 389 36.9% (33.1% 40.9%)
 Right Heart Failure 204 25.5% (22.6% 28.8%)
 Tricuspid regurgitation) 6 58.7% (55.5% 61.8%)
 PAH (TR velocity≥3.0 m/s) 6 44.7% (40.5% 49.0%)
 Severe Mitral Regurgitation Nil 11.5% (9.7% 13.8%)
 Moderate AR Nil 6 (0.6% (0.2% 1.4%)
 Severe Aortic stenosis Nil 3 (0.3% (0.1% 1.0%)
 E/e’ (≥15) yes 507 59% (54.5% 63.3%)
Blood biochemistry
 Hyponatremia (≤134 meq/L) 194 11.6% (9.5% 14.1%)
 Hyperkalemia (≥5.5 meq/L) 195 11.5% (9.5% 14.0%)
 Hypokalemia (≤3.4 meq/L) 195 6.33% (4.8% 8.3%)
 Hyperuricemia (≥7.0 mg/dl) 419 48.7% (44.6% 52.8%)
 Hypocalcaemia (≤8.0 mg/dl) 430 17.4% (14.5% 20.8%)
Treatment
 Beta-Blockers 187 81.3% (78.8% 83.7%)
 Rennin angiotensin Aldosterone system 201 80% (73.3% 82.4%)
 Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist 239 76.2% (73.5% 78.8%)
 Automatic intracardiac defibrillator 2 0.3% (0.1, 1.0%)
 Cardiac resynchronization therapy 2 0.2% (0.0% 1.8%)

Abbreviations: LVEF; left ventricular ejection fraction, TAPSE; tricuspid annular peak systolic excursion, PAH; pulmonary artery hypertension.