Table 7.
Heterogeneity in academic peer effects in the classroom.
|
Outcome variables |
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | Mathematics | English | Chinese | Mathematics | English | |
| A. Girls |
B. Boys |
|||||
| Classmates' average 7th-grade test score (corresponding subject) | 0.070 (0.075) | 0.171*** (0.064) | 0.107 (0.066) | 0.065 (0.082) | 0.185** (0.078) | 0.096** (0.043) |
| N | 1968 | 1968 | 1964 | 2050 | 2050 | 2042 |
| R2 |
0.473 |
0.577 |
0.683 |
0.547 |
0.630 |
0.683 |
| C. Baseline subject test score < Median |
D. Baseline subject test score ≥ Median |
|||||
| Classmates' average 7th-grade test score (corresponding subject) | 0.048 (0.091) | 0.117 (0.106) | 0.020 (0.075) | 0.117* (0.069) | 0.193*** (0.050) | 0.184*** (0.045) |
| N | 2009 | 2009 | 1999 | 2009 | 2009 | 2007 |
| R2 |
0.468 |
0.475 |
0.553 |
0.211 |
0.278 |
0.344 |
| E. Father's education < Median (12 years) |
F. Father's education ≥ Median (12 years) |
|||||
| Classmates' average 7th-grade test score (corresponding subject) | −0.029 (0.067) | 0.151** (0.068) | 0.149*** (0.041) | −0.111 (0.159) | 0.050 (0.097) | 0.043 (0.058) |
| N | 2972 | 2972 | 2961 | 1042 | 1042 | 1041 |
| R2 |
0.549 |
0.616 |
0.697 |
0.584 |
0.583 |
0.723 |
| G. Mother's education < Median (9 years) |
H. Mother's education ≥ Median (9 years) |
|||||
| Classmates' average 7th-grade test score (corresponding subject) | 0.011 (0.064) | 0.236*** (0.072) | 0.200*** (0.047) | −0.129 (0.125) | 0.007 (0.096) | −0.060 (0.046) |
| N | 2096 | 2096 | 2088 | 1920 | 1920 | 1916 |
| R2 |
0.563 |
0.635 |
0.693 |
0.558 |
0.582 |
0.719 |
| I. Family wealth: poor |
J. Family wealth: not poor |
|||||
| Classmates' average 7th-grade test score (corresponding subject) | 0.029 (0.065) | 0.148** (0.065) | 0.154* (0.080) | −0.144 (0.108) | 0.103 (0.137) | 0.082** (0.033) |
| N | 572 | 572 | 570 | 3445 | 3445 | 3435 |
| R2 |
0.600 |
0.670 |
0.690 |
0.555 |
0.598 |
0.708 |
| K. Rural schools |
L. Urban schools |
|||||
| Classmates' average 7th-grade test score (corresponding subject) | 0.106 (0.087) | 0.172 (0.143) | 0.064 (0.099) | −0.007 (0.085) | 0.322* (0.162) | 0.108** (0.042) |
| N | 1415 | 1415 | 1409 | 2603 | 2603 | 2597 |
| R2 |
0.545 |
0.589 |
0.686 |
0.559 |
0.610 |
0.711 |
| M. Class size ≥ median (47) |
N. Class size < median (47) |
|||||
| Classmates' average 7th-grade test score (corresponding subject) | −0.476* (0.231) | −0.431*** (0.083) | 0.001 (0.075) | −0.184 (0.139) | 0.176** (0.078) | 0.125** (0.053) |
| N | 1349 | 1349 | 1342 | 2669 | 2669 | 2664 |
| R2 | 0.595 | 0.665 | 0.683 | 0.537 | 0.577 | 0.709 |
Notes: The sample includes 52 schools that randomly assigned newly-enrolled students to 7th-grade classes but did not reassign students in 8th grade. All models include the full set of “control variables” (i.e., students' own subject-specific 7th-grade test scores, personal, family, and teacher characteristics, and school fixed effects) reported in Table 4. In Panel J, the “not poor” group includes the “average,” “rich,” and “very rich” groups. Standard errors in parentheses, clustered at the class level. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.