Table 2.

PMI, MMP, DNA damage, and intracellular ROS of post-thawed human spermatozoa supplemented with different concentrations of fennel and purslane hydroalcoholic extracts

Group	Control	Purslane			Fennel			p-value
		25 mg/L	50 mg/L	100 mg/L	5 mg/L	10 mg/L	15 mg/L
PMI	65.15±0.99c)	69.74±1.05b)	74.96±0.83a)	68.30±0.84b),c)	68.34±1.45b),c)	69.59±1.35b)	65.09±0.95c)	<0.05e)
MMP	9.12±0.18b),c)	45.85±2.17a),b),c)	49.53±1.89a)	44.26±2.50a),b),c)	44.97±2.07a),b),c)	48.50±2.86a),b)	41.45±2.31c)	>0.05f)
DNA damage	91.80±2.03	7.95±0.15	7.90±0.16	8.49±0.18	8.91±0.16	8.71±0.16	9.22±0.19	<0.05e)
ROS (intracellular)	41.85±1.20a),b)	75.76±1.98c),d)	72.35±1.78d)	79.40±1.52b),c)	79.14±1.61b),c)	75.10±1.45c),d)	85.32±0.85a)	<0.05e)

Values are presented as mean±standard error.

PMI, plasma membrane integrity; MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential; DNA damage; ROS, reactive oxygen species.

^a),b),c),d)Means with different letters in the same column demonstrate significant differences;

^e)p<0.05;

^f)No significant difference.