Table 3.
Lung function and chest CT at follow-up according to severity scale
|
Seven-category scale |
OR or β (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scale 3: not requiring supplemental oxygen | Scale 4: requiring supplemental oxygen | Scale 5–6: requiring HFNC, NIV, or IMV | Scale 4 vs 3 | Scale 5–6 vs 3 | |
| Lung function | |||||
| Number of patients | 89 | 172 | 88 | ||
| FEV1 <80%, % of predicted | 7 (8%) | 4 (2%) | 11 (13%) | OR 0·14 (0·03 to 0·68)* | OR 0·50 (0·09 to 2·93) |
| FVC <80%, % of predicted | 3 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 10 (11%) | OR 0·11 (0·01 to 1·59) | OR 2·09 (0·19 to 23·02) |
| FEV1/FVC <70% | 7 (8%) | 13 (8%) | 2 (2%) | OR 0·91 (0·29 to 2·80) | OR 0·26 (0·03 to 1·93) |
| TLC <80%, % of predicted | 9/83 (11%) | 17/165 (10%) | 30/86 (35%) | OR 0·89 (0·33 to 2·42) | OR 3·00 (0·93 to 9·67) |
| FRC <80%, % of predicted | 5/83 (6%) | 6/165 (4%) | 16/84 (19%) | OR 0·61 (0·17 to 2·16) | OR 3·93 (0·97 to 15·82) |
| RV <80%, % of predicted | 16/83 (19%) | 28/164 (17%) | 43/86 (50%) | OR 0·76 (0·33 to 1·75) | OR 2·75 (1·03 to 7·37)* |
| DLCO <80%, % of predicted† | 18/83 (22%) | 48/165 (29%) | 48/86 (56%) | OR 1·61 (0·80 to 3·25) | OR 4·60 (1·85 to 11·48)* |
| Chest CT | |||||
| Number of patients | 95 | 163 | 95 | ||
| At least one abnormal CT pattern | 49 (52%) | 87/161 (54%) | 50/92 (54%) | OR 0·93 (0·53 to 1·64) | OR 0·81 (0·38 to 1·72) |
| GGO | 39 (41%) | 78/161 (48%) | 41/92 (45%) | OR 1·19 (0·68 to 2·09) | OR 0·93 (0·44 to 1·98) |
| Irregular lines | 10 (11%) | 24/161 (15%) | 22/92 (24%) | OR 1·46 (0·60 to 3·52) | OR 1·89 (0·64 to 5·61) |
| Consolidation | 0 | 4/161 (2%) | 0 | NA | NA |
| Interlobular septal thickening | 1 (1%) | 2/161 (1%) | 0 | NA | NA |
| Subpleural line | 6 (6%) | 5/161 (3%) | 4/92 (4%) | NA | NA |
| Reticular pattern | 0 | 1/161 (1%) | 1/92 (1%) | NA | NA |
| Volume of lung lesions, cm3 | 1·6 (0·6 to 5·6) | 3·3 (0·8 to 12·4) | 29·1 (4·6 to 77·3) | β 7·45 (−12·40 to 27·28) | β 34·37 (7·74 to 61·00)* |
| Volume of consolidation, cm3 | 0·2 (0·1 to 0·4) | 0·3 (0·1 to 1·0) | 1·6 (0·2 to 4·4) | β 0·19 (−1·97 to 2·35) | β 3·05 (0·14 to 5·95)* |
| Volume of GGO, cm3 | 1·4 (0·6 to 4·7) | 2·9 (0·7 to 10·0) | 26·3 (4·3 to 73·3) | β 7·26 (−10·70 to 25·25) | β 31·32 (7·16 to 55·48)* |
| Volume ratio of lung lesion to total lung, % | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·1) | 0·1 (0·0 to 0·3) | 0·7 (0·1 to 2·2) | β −0·06 (−1·36 to 1·24) | β 1·44 (−0·30 to 3·18) |
| Volume ratio of consolidation to total lung, % | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·0) | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·1) | NA | NA |
| Volume ratio of GGO to total lung, % | 0·0 (0·0 to 0·1) | 0·1 (0·0 to 0·2) | 0·6 (0·1 to 1·9) | β −0·07 (−1·20 to 1·07) | β 1·23 (−0·29 to 2·76) |
| CT score | 3·0 (2·0 to 5·0) | 4·0 (3·0 to 5·0) | 5·0 (4·0 to 6·0) | β 0·33 (−0·19 to 0·84) | β 1·25 (0·56 to 1·95)‡ |
Data are absolute values, n (%), n/N (%), or median (IQR), unless otherwise specified. OR=odds ratio. HFNC=high-flow nasal cannula for oxygen therapy. NIV=non-invasive ventilation. IMV=invasive mechanical ventilation. FEV1=forced expiratory volume in one second. FVC=forced vital capacity. TLC=total lung capacity. FRC=functional residual capacity. RV=residual volume. DLCO=diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. GGO=ground glass opacity. NA=not applicable.
*
p<0·05.
†
Carbon monoxide diffusion capacity was not corrected for haemoglobin.
‡
p<0·001.