Anti-M. marinum memory responses of CSF1-Mϕ-, IL34-Mϕ-, FLT3L-DC-enriched X. laevis. Frogs were enriched for Mϕs or DCs through intraperitoneal injection with 2.5 µg of recombinant (r) CSF1, rIL34, or rFLT3L or equal volumes of the recombinant control (r-ctrl). After 3 days, six frogs from each treatment group (n = 6) were intraperitoneally injected with heat-killed M. marinum (107 cfu frog−1). Thirty days following immune challenge, animals were rechallenged with viable M. marinum (105 cfu frog−1). After an additional 7 days, frog livers were collected and processed for M. marinum cfu loads. The results are presented as means + s.e.m. of M. marinum cfu per tissue. Letters above bars (f,g) indicate statistical significance, with distinct letters representing statistically different groups, p < 0.05.