Table 1.
Distribution of maternal and pregnancy characteristics, maternal comorbidity and maternal and neonatal outcomes according to the presence of subclinical P. falciparum infection
| No Pf n = 192 |
Yes Pf n = 40 |
Total 232 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal and pregnancy characteristics | ||||
|
Age (years) N = 231 |
23.6 [22.7–24.6] |
21.8 [19.7–23.9] |
23.31 [22.5–24.2] |
0.109 |
|
Adolescent (< 20 year-old) N = 231 |
65/191 (34.03%) |
21/40 (52.5%) |
86/231 (37.23%) |
0.028 |
|
Weight (Kg) N = 134 |
67.05 [64.7–69.4] |
68.66 [58.3–79.0] |
67.25 [64.9–69.6] |
0.661 |
|
ANC ≥ 4 N = 231 |
116/191 (60.7%) |
21/40 (52.5%) |
137/231 (59.3%) |
0.335 |
|
Number of pregnancies N = 232 |
0.087 | |||
| Primigravida |
82/192 (42.7%) |
23/40 (57.5%) |
105/232 (45.3%) |
|
| Multigravida | 110/192 (57.3%) |
17/40 (42.5%) |
127/232 (54.7%) | |
|
Type of pregnancy N = 232 |
0.855 | |||
| Single |
181/192 (94.2%) |
38/40 (95.0%) |
219/232 (94.4%) |
|
| Multiple |
11/192 (5.7%) |
2/40 (5.0%) |
13/232 (5.6%) |
|
|
Profilaxis (IPTp) ≥ 3 N = 203 |
136/165 (82.4%) |
30/38 (79.0%) |
166/203 (81.8%) |
0.617 |
| Maternal comorbidity | ||||
|
PE N = 232 |
84/192 (43.8%) |
10/40 (25.0%) |
94/232 (40.5%) |
0.028 |
|
E N = 232 |
29/192 (15.1%) |
7/40 (17.5%) |
36/232 (15.5%) |
0.703 |
|
PE/E N = 232 |
113/192 (58.9%) |
17/40 (42.5%) |
130/232 (56.0%) |
0.058 |
|
HIV-positive N = 228 |
33/188 (17.5%) |
3/40 (7.5%) |
36/228 (15.5%) |
0.113 |
| Maternal and neonatal outcomes | ||||
|
Cesarean-section N = 224 |
55/187 (29.4%) |
13/37 (35.1%) |
68/224 (30.4%) |
0.489 |
|
Hemoglobin (g/dL) N = 167 |
10.9 [10.7–11.2] |
11.4 [10.7–12.0] |
11.0 [10.8–11.3] |
0.229 |
|
Pre-term birth N = 228 |
24/188 (12.8%) |
7/40 (17.5%) |
31/228 (13.6%) |
0.428 |
|
Neonatal weight, (g) N = 226 |
2800.5 [2710–2891] |
2679.5 [2480–2879] |
2779.6 [2698–2862] |
0.272 |
|
LBW N = 226 |
44/187 (23.5%) |
10/39 (25.6%) |
54/226 (23.9%) |
0.778 |
|
Apgar < 7 (1 m) N = 232 |
47/192 (24.5%) |
10/40 (25.0%) |
57/232 (24.6%) |
0.945 |
|
Apgar < 7 (5 m) N = 232 |
25/192 (13.5%) |
6/40 (15.0%) |
31/232 (13.4%) |
0.738 |
|
Neonatal resuscitation N = 223 |
34/185 (18.4%) |
8/38 (21.1%) |
42/223 (18.8%) |
0.701 |
|
Stillbirth N = 227 |
14/187 (7.5%) |
7/40 (17.5%) |
21/227 (9.3%) |
0.047 |
The data have been expressed as means [95% CI] for continuous data and absolute numbers (%) for categorical data
Pf: Plasmodium falciparum; Kg: kilograms, ANC: antenatal care visits, IPTp: Intermitent Preventive Treatment of malaria for pregnant women, mmHg: milimetres of mercury, PE: preeclampsia, E: eclampsia, PE/E: preeclampsia/eclampsia, HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Pre-term birth: pre-term delivery (< 37 weeks), LBW: low birth weight, g: gram. dl: decilitre, m: minute