Table 1.
Viral infections associated with COVID-19 clinical phenotypes in whole population.
| Outcome Variable | Instrumental Variable | β | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unscreened/Exposed_Negative | VZV seropositivity for Varicella Zoster Virus | 0.1361 | 0.0142 |
| Positive/Unscreened | C. trachomatis Definition II seropositivity for Chlamydia trachomatis | 0.2174 | 0.0185 |
| Exposed_Positive/Exposed_Negative | HSV-2 seropositivity for Herpes Simplex virus-2 | 0.0935 | 0.0192 |
| Positive/Negative | HSV-1 seropositivity for Herpes Simplex virus-1 | 0.0718 | 0.0213 |
| Exposed_Positive/Exposed_Negative | HBV seropositivity for Hepatitis B Virus | 0.2722 | 0.0219 |
| Hospitalized/Unscreened | VZV seropositivity for Varicella Zoster Virus | 0.1167 | 0.0385 |
| Positive/Unscreened | HCV seropositivity for Hepatitis C Virus | 0.7220 | 0.0398 |
| Exposed_Positive/Exposed_Negative | KSHV seropositivity for Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus | -0.1044 | 0.0444 |
| Positive/Negative | HSV-2 seropositivity for Herpes Simplex virus-2 | -0.0814 | 0.0446 |
| Unscreened/Exposed_Negative | MCV seropositivity for Merkel Cell Polyomavirus | -0.0614 | 0.0478 |
| Unscreened/Exposed_Negative | T. gondii seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii | 0.0677 | 0.0481 |
| Unscreened/Exposed_Negative | HSV-2 seropositivity for Herpes Simplex virus-2 | 0.0817 | 0.0493 |
Note: The threshold of significance is P < 0.05.