Table 2.

Viral infections associated with COVID-19 clinical phenotypes in the age < 65 years group and the age > 65 years group.

Group	Outcome Variable	Instrumental Variable	β	P
Age < 65 years	Exposed_Positive/Exposed_Negative	HSV-2 seropositivity for Herpes Simplex virus-2	0.1017	0.0177
	Positive/Negative	HHV-6B seropositivity for Human Herpesvirus-6	-0.0869	0.0226
	Positive/Negative	HSV-2 seropositivity for Herpes Simplex virus-2	-0.0987	0.0242
	Positive/Negative	HSV-1 seropositivity for Herpes Simplex virus-1	0.0748	0.0270
	Exposed_Positive/Exposed_Negative	KSHV seropositivity for Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus	-0.1208	0.0353
	Unscreened/Exposed_Negative	VZV seropositivity for Varicella Zoster Virus	0.1206	0.0432
	Hospitalized/Not_Hospitalized	HBV seropositivity for Hepatitis B Virus	-0.2565	0.0464
Age > 65 years	Continuous_Severity_Score	HSV-2 seropositivity for Herpes Simplex virus-2	0.3132	0.0084
	Positive/Negative	HHV-6B seropositivity for Human Herpesvirus-6	0.2150	0.0149
	Hospitalized/Unscreened	KSHV seropositivity for Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus	-0.3371	0.0171
	Unscreened/Exposed_Negative	BKV seropositivity for Human Polyomavirus BKV	0.3491	0.0208
	Continuous_Severity_Score	HHV-6 overall seropositivity for Human Herpesvirus-6	-0.2731	0.0323
	Exposed_Positive/Exposed_Negative	HPV 18 seropositivity for Human Papillomavirus type-18	-0.5712	0.0343
	Hospitalized/Not_Hospitalized	C. trachomatis Definition I seropositivity for Chlamydia trachomatis	-0.2309	0.0367
	Symptomatic/Paucisymptomatic	HPV 16 Definition I seropositivity for Human Papillomavirus type-16	-0.5834	0.0368
	Symptomatic/Paucisymptomatic	HSV-2 seropositivity for Herpes Simplex virus-2	0.2436	0.0426
	Positive/Unscreened	HHV-6B seropositivity for Human Herpesvirus-6	0.1801	0.0465

Note: The threshold of significance is P < 0.05.