Table 3.1.

Tools specifying standards for systematic reviews with and without meta-analysis

Reporting standards
Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses (QUOROM) Statement	Moher 1999⁹⁰
Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE)	Stroup 2000⁹¹
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)	Moher 2009⁹²
PRISMA 2020^a	Page 2021⁹³
Methodological standards
Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire^b (OQAQ)	Oxman and Guyatt 1991⁹⁴
Systematic Review Critical Appraisal Sheet	Centre for Evidence-based Medicine 2005⁹⁵
A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR)	Shea 2007⁵
AMSTAR-2^a	Shea 2017⁶
Risk of bias
Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS)^a	Whiting 2016⁴

^{^a}

Currently recommended.

^{^b}

Validated tool for systematic reviews of interventions developed for use by authors of overviews or umbrella reviews.