Skip to main content
. 2023 May 30;100(22):e2224–e2236. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207240

Figure 1. Circadian Rhythms.

Figure 1

(A) The 24-hour circadian transcriptional-translational feedback loop. Full gene names: CLOCK = circadian locomotor output cycles kaput; NPAS2 = neuronal PAS domain protein 2; BMAL1 = brain and muscle ARNT like 1; PER = period; CRY = cryptochrome; REV-ERB = reverse strand of erb; ROR = retinoid acid–related orphan receptor; CK1 = casein kinase 1; GSK3 = glycogen synthase kinase 3. (B) The suprachiasmatic nucleus (green) acts as a master clock, coordinating the clocks of other brain areas and other organs through neuronal connections and hormones (especially corticosteroids and melatonin). (C) Peak timing of physiologic processes and neurologic diseases and chronotype sleep patterns.