Table 3.

Differences in periodontal indices, salivary enzyme activity, and glycemic control between the systemic antibiotic non-surgical therapy group and the non-surgical group alone for T2Dpc.

Parameters (mean ± SD)	At baseline	T2Dpc+NST (n = 63)	p-value*	T2Dpc+NST+A (n = 62)	P-value*	P-value#
HbA1c (%)	8.10 ± 0.88	7.8 ± 0.63	0.051	7.5 ± 0.56	0.049	0.048
Periodontal status
PPD (mm)	6.22 ± 0.67	5.94 ± 0.46	0.059	5.41 ± 0.44	0.007	0.049
CAL (mm)	5.69 ± 0.86	5.09 ± 0.85	0.054	4.53 ± 0.82	0.009	0.044
BOP (%)	50.39 ± 24.78	48.39 ± 24.72	0.083	45.34 ± 21.69	0.011	0.035
PI (%)	41.45 ± 15.99	38.23 ± 14.71	0.091	35.74 ± 14.03	0.016	0.039
GI	1.72 ± 0.62	1.63 ± 0.52	0.129	1.02 ± 0.42	0.043	0.037
OHI-S	2.22 ± 0.66	2.01 ± 0.45	0.133	1.63 ± 0.41	0.032	0.031
Salivary enzyme activities
ALP (U/L)	40.31 ± 9.31	37.31 ± 9.29	0.061	28.03 ± 7.13	<0.001	<0.001
AST (U/L)	31.42 ± 7.09	28.53 ± 6.77	0.073	21.16 ± 5.29	<0.001	<0.001
ALT (U/L)	30.27 ± 3.51	25.21 ± 3.21	0.059	20.59 ± 3.41	<0.001	0.001
LDH (U/L)	95.49 ± 12.93	90.49 ± 12.91	0.146	84.26 ± 10.72	0.003	0.009
CK (U/L)	11.84 ± 2.75	9.67 ± 0.70	0.122	6.36 ± 0.36	0.017	0.022

NOTE: SD: standard deviation; NST: non-surgical treatment (scaling+root planning); A: antibiotics (amoxicillin+metronidazole); PPD: periodontal probing depth; CAL: clinical attachment loss; BOP: bleeding index; PI: plaque index; GI: gingival index; OHI-S: simplified oral hygiene index; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALT: alanine transaminase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; CK: creatine kinase.

*: compared to baseline; #: the pair-wise comparisons between T2Dpc+NST and T2Dpc+NST+A.