4. Characteristics of included reviews.
| Review | Date of last search | Population | Interventions | Comparisons | Outcomes of interest specified? | Reported outcomes relevant to this overview |
| Cochrane reviews | ||||||
| Challapalli 2005 | May 2004 (search stabilised in 2020) | Participants of any age with neuropathic pain | Lidocaine or its analogs given parenterally or orally | Placebo or any active treatment | Yes | Pain intensity; pain relief; adverse events |
| Moore 2014 | March 2014 | Adult participants ≥ 18 years of age and above with neuropathic pain | Gabapentin | Placebo, no intervention, or any other active comparator | Yes | Pain intensity; adverse events; serious adverse events |
| O'Connell 2016 | September 2015 | CRPS in children or adults (diagnostic criteria not specified) | Selective sympathetic blockade with local anaesthetics | Placebo, no treatment, or alternative intervention | Yes | Pain intensity, adverse events |
| Smart 2022 | July 2021 | Adults ≥ 18 years of age, diagnosed with CRPS I or II using established or validated diagnostic criteria | Physiotherapy interventions employed either as stand‐alone interventions or in combination | Placebo, no treatment, another intervention or usual care, or varying physiotherapy interventions compared with each other | Yes | Pain intensity; disability; health‐related quality of life; patient global impression of change; adverse effects |
| Straube 2013 | June 2013 (search stabilised in 2020) | Participants of any age, with any duration of neuropathic pain or CRPS (diagnostic criteria not specified) | Destructive surgical or chemical sympathectomy | Placebo (sham) or other active treatment, provided both participants and outcome assessors were blind to treatment group allocation | Yes | Pain relief; adverse events |
| non‐Cochrane reviews | ||||||
| Chauvineau 2005 | 2003 | Participants with CRPS I or reflex sympathetic dystrophy (diagnostic criteria not specified) | Bisphosphonates | Not specified | No | Pain intensity; side effects |
| Chevreau 2017 | 2014 | Adult participants with CRPS I according to Harden 2007 and Harden 2010 criteria | Bisphosphonates | Placebo | Yes | Pain; function; adverse events |
| Cossins 2013 | February 2012 | Adult participants with CRPS I or II (diagnostic criteria not specified) | Any intervention | Any comparison | Yes | Pain intensity |
| Duong 2018 | August 2017 | Participants with CRPS (diagnostic criteria not specified) | Any intervention | Any comparison | No | Pain intensity; disability; adverse effects; patient‐reported global assessment of effect |
| Fassio 2022 | June 2021 | Adults with CRPS I according to Harden 2010, Galer 1998, Kozin 1981 or Veldman 1993 criteria |
Pharmacological interventions | Placebo or other active treatments | Yes | Pain intensity; adverse events; serious adverse events |
| Fischer 2010 | December 2009 | CRPS I (diagnostic criteria not specified) | Anti‐inflammatory therapies | Any comparison | Yes | Pain, clinical improvement |
| Forouzanfar 2002 | June 2000 | RSD and CRPS I (diagnostic criteria not specified) | Any intervention | Any comparison | Yes | Pain intensity |
| Orhurhu 2019 | December 2017 | Subjects ≥ 18 years of age with chronic pain for ≥ 3 months | Ketamine | Placebo with or without conventional medical management | Yes | Pain intensity; adverse events |
| Peng 2018 | July 2017 | Participants aged ≥ 18 years of age with clinically confirmed shoulder‐hand syndrome after stroke without complications (diagnostic criteria not specified) | Traditional manual acupuncture combined with rehabilitation | Placebo/sham acupuncture plus rehabilitation therapy or rehabilitation therapy alone | Yes | Pain intensity; function; activities of daily living |
| Smith 2005 | November 2004 | CRPS I (diagnostic criteria not specified) |
Physiotherapeutic modalities | Any comparison | No | Pain intensity, disability; participant ratings of improvement; activities of daily living |
| Tran 2010 | April 2009 | CRPS I and II (diagnostic criteria not specified) |
Any intervention | Any comparison | No | Pain intensity; disability; quality of life; participant ratings of improvement; adverse events |
| Xu 2016 | February 2015 | CRPS (diagnostic criteria not specified) |
Intravenous therapies | Any comparison | No | Pain intensity; function; quality of life; adverse effects |
CRPS: complex regional pain syndrome RSD: reflex sympathetic dystrophy