Table 4.
Incidence and Relative Risk of Each Category of Injury in the 53 Elderly Patients with BCVI
| RR | 95% CI | p Value | BCVI (n = 53) n (%) | No BCVI (n = 1459) n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head injury | 2.49 | 1.67-3.70 | <0.001 | 18 (34.0) | 199 (13.6) |
| ASIA | |||||
| A | 4.33 | 2.81-6.67 | <0.001 | 17 (32.1) | 108 (7.4) |
| B | 1.27 | 0.41-3.91 | 0.677 | 3 (5.7) | 65 (4.5) |
| C | 0.50 | 0.19-1.04 | 0.052 | 6 (53.9) | 330 (22.6) |
| D | 0.43 | 0.23-0.82 | 0.3 | 8 (11.3) | 510 (35.0) |
| E | 1.17 | 0.81-1.69 | 0.003 | 19 (35.8) | 446 (30.6) |
| Cervical fracture | 1.64 | 1.48-1.83 | 0.003 | 47 (88.7) | 787 (53.9) |
| Injury level | |||||
| C1 | 1.27 | 0.41-3.91 | 0.677 | 3 (5.7) | 48 (3.3) |
| C2 | 1.09 | 0.66-1.81 | 0.741 | 303 (20.8) | 12 (22.6) |
| C3-7 | 7.39 | 3.75-14.60 | <0.001 | 43 (81.1) | 513 (35.2) |
| Cervical dislocation | 2.94 | 2.08-4.15 | <0.001 | 22 (41.5) | 206 (14.1) |
| Dislocation level | |||||
| C1/2 | 3.06 | 0.73-12.84 | 0.112 | 2 (3.8) | 18 (0.9) |
| C2/3 | 3.44 | 0.44-27.02 | 0.213 | 1 (1.9) | 8 (0.5) |
| C3/4 | 3.93 | 0.49-31.39 | 0.165 | 1 (1.9) | 7 (0.5) |
| C4/5 | 7.18 | 3.05-16.90 | <0.001 | 6 (11.3) | 23 (1.6) |
| C5/6 | 4.07 | 2.05-8.13 | <0.001 | 8 (15.1) | 54 (3.7) |
| C6/7 | 1.69 | 0.64-4.47 | 0.289 | 4 (7.5) | 65 (4.5) |
| AO classification (C3-7) | |||||
| A | 1.05 | 0.47-2.37 | 0.898 | 7 (13) | 184 (13) |
| A-F | 2.97 | 0.67-13.1 | 0.131 | 2 (3.8) | 19 (1.3) |
| B | 0.55 | 0.19-1.60 | 0.043 | 4 (7.5) | 44 (3.0) |
| B-F | 2.69 | 0.81-8.92 | <0.001 | 4 (7.5) | 10 (0.7) |
| BL | — | — | — | 1 (1.9) | 0 |
| C | 1.85 | 0.71-4.79 | 0.004 | 6 (11) | 22 (1.5) |
| C-BL | 1.77 | 0.56-5.55 | <0.001 | 4 (7.5) | 15 (1.0) |
| C-F | 9.44 | 4.56-19.5 | <0.001 | 19 (36) | 19 (1.3) |
| F | 6.54 | 2.40-17.8 | <0.001 | 8 (15) | 9 (0.6) |
| Type of SCI | |||||
| None | 1.06 | 0.71-1.59 | 0.765 | 17 (32.1) | 440 (30.2) |
| Central cord syndrome | 0.41 | 0.21-0.78 | 0.001 | 8 (15.1) | 534 (36.6) |
| Tetraplegia | 1.48 | 1.11-1.96 | 0.017 | 26 (49.1) | 485 (35.0) |
| Comorbidity of OPLL | 1.12 | 0.69-1.81 | 0.645 | 13 (24.5) | 319 (21.9) |
| Comorbidity of hypertension | 0.93 | 0.69-1.26 | 0.649 | 24 (45.3) | 707 (48.5) |
Bold indicates that RR is high.
RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; BCVI, blunt cerebrovascular injury; ASIA, American Spinal Cord Injury Association; SCI, spinal cord injury; OPLL, ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament; AO classification: A, vertebral morphology/compression injuries; B, vertebral morphology/tensionband injuries; C, vertebral morphology/translation injury; F, facet injuries; BL, bilateral facet injuries.