. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 12.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2020 Dec 17;60(12):1501–1512. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.11.016

TABLE 3.

Assessment of Biological Validators—Neuroimage and Polygenic Risk Scores

	Cross-sectional baseline associations			Cross-sectional follow-up associations
	SMD	t	p	SMD	t	p
Neuroimage
Intracranial volume	−0.206	−1.898	.058	−0.309	−2.008	.045^*
Left cortical thickness	0.169	1.445	.149	0.183	1.203	.230
Right cortical thickness	0.201	1.711	.087	0.116	0.75	.454
Left surface area	−0.280	−2.518	.012^*	−0.436	−2.997	.003^*
Right surface area	−0.259	−2.347	.019^*	−0.447	−3.11	.002^*
Polygenic risk scores
ADHD	0.153	2.534	.011^*	0.014	0.159	.874
MDD	0.046	0.921	.357	−0.046	−0.640	.522
SCZ	0.008	0.303	.761	0.102	2.736	.006^*
Education attainment	−0.145	−2.328	.020^*	−0.145	−1.592	.111
Cross-disorder	−0.094	−1.761	.078	0.001	0.018	.986

Note: ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; MDD = major depression disorder; SCZ = schizophrenia; SMD = standardized mean difference.

p <.05.