Exclusion criterion	Rationale	Excluded
i.	Exclude studies on digital, media, and science literacy and related topics.	Literacies are associated with a wide range of psychological factors and do not serve to identify individual psychological factors.	12 articles
ii.	Exclude network analyses on the spread of information or related topics.	Network analyses give the pattern of information transmission, which is outside the scope of the research question.	36 articles
iii.	Exclude studies on the effects of labeling information as “fake news” or related topics.	The effects of “fake news” labeling are outside the scope of the research question.	3 articles
iv.	Exclude philosophical analyses into the definition of fake news or related topics.	Philosophical analyses concern abstractions and idealizations that are outside the scope of the research question.	14 articles
v.	Exclude studies that focus on the effects of photographs, videos, and other non-textual information, or compare them with the effects of textual information on belief in or spreading of fake news.	The focus of the research question is analytical thinking, which typically concerns propositional content most clearly expressed textually.	6 articles