Table 2.
Exploratory factor analysis of mental health symptoms at baseline.
| Item | Original subscale | 1-factor model | 3-factor model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychological distress loading (uniqueness) | Huzuni (sadness) | Msongo wa mawazo (stress) | Hofu (fear) | Uniqueness | ||
| HSCL1: Low energy | DEP | 0.396 (0.843) | 0.133 | 0.515 | −0.123 | 0.715 |
| HSCL2: Self-blame | DEP | 0.406 (0.835) | −0.162 | 0.723 | −0.003 | 0.561 |
| HSCL3: Crying easily | DEP | 0.437 (0.809) | −0.099 | 0.650 | 0.033 | 0.610 |
| HSCL4: Loss of sexual interest | DEP | 0.390 (0.848) | 0.000 | 0.496 | 0.017 | 0.747 |
| HSCL5: Poor appetite | DEP | 0.525 (0.724) | 0.383 | 0.194 | 0.068 | 0.700 |
| HSCL6: Sleep problems | DEP | 0.470 (0.779) | 0.175 | 0.502 | −0.065 | 0.675 |
| HSCL7: Hopeless about future | DEP | 0.470 (0.779) | 0.492 | 0.154 | −0.063 | 0.706 |
| HSCL8: Sad | DEP | 0.531 (0.719) | 0.095 | 0.515 | 0.070 | 0.635 |
| HSCL9: Lonely | DEP | 0.433 (0.812) | 0.114 | 0.232 | 0.186 | 0.810 |
| HSCL10: Suicidal ideation | DEP | 0.317 (0.899) | 0.082 | 0.145 | 0.159 | 0.899 |
| HSCL11: Feeling trapped | DEP | 0.425 (0.819) | 0.182 | 0.199 | 0.140 | 0.819 |
| HSCL12: Worrying | DEP | 0.422 (0.822) | −0.103 | 0.263 | 0.357 | 0.775 |
| HSCL13: Less/no interest | DEP | 0.412 (0.831) | 0.343 | 0.142 | 0.021 | 0.806 |
| HSCL14: Everything an effort | DEP | 0.384 (0.852) | 0.216 | 0.281 | −0.014 | 0.825 |
| HSCL15: Worthless | DEP | 0.506 (0.744) | 0.429 | −0.013 | 0.187 | 0.694 |
| HSCL16: Suddenly scared | ANX | 0.621 (0.614) | −0.130 | 0.138 | 0.737 | 0.455 |
| HSCL17: Fearful | ANX | 0.610 (0.628) | −0.212 | 0.211 | 0.741 | 0.444 |
| HSCL18: Faint, dizzy, weak | ANX | 0.188 (0.965) | 0.195 | 0.092 | −0.052 | 0.951 |
| HSCL19: Nervous/shaky | ANX | 0.587 (0.656) | −0.145 | 0.196 | 0.657 | 0.529 |
| HSCL20: Heart pounding | ANX | 0.429 (0.816) | −0.006 | 0.468 | 0.090 | 0.737 |
| HSCL21: Trembling | ANX | 0.489 (0.761) | 0.167 | −0.249 | 0.643 | 0.556 |
| HSCL22: Feeling tense | ANX | 0.506 (0.744) | 0.113 | −0.188 | 0.660 | 0.563 |
| HSCL23: Headaches | ANX | 0.308 (0.905) | 0.064 | 0.233 | 0.087 | 0.895 |
| HSCL24: Terror/panic | ANX | 0.645 (0.584) | 0.036 | −0.024 | 0.750 | 0.421 |
| HSCL25: Restless | ANX | 0.438 (0.808) | 0.745 | −0.052 | −0.151 | 0.581 |
| HTQ1: Recurrent thoughts of TE | PTS | 0.307 (0.906) | 0.238 | 0.082 | 0.053 | 0.897 |
| HTQ2: Feeling that TE is happening again | PTS | 0.489 (0.761) | 0.214 | 0.124 | 0.249 | 0.761 |
| HTQ3: Recurrent nightmares about TE | PTS | 0.456 (0.792) | 0.394 | 0.015 | 0.137 | 0.755 |
| HTQ4: Detached/withdrawn | PTS | 0.302 (0.909) | 0.368 | −0.004 | 0.000 | 0.866 |
| HTQ5: Unable to feel emotion | PTS | 0.457 (0.792) | 0.213 | −0.100 | 0.417 | 0.725 |
| HTQ6: Jumpy, easily startled | PTS | 0.550 (0.697) | 0.519 | −0.085 | 0.221 | 0.599 |
| HTQ7: Difficulty concentrating | PTS | 0.508 (0.742) | 0.251 | 0.232 | 0.139 | 0.739 |
| HTQ8: Trouble sleeping | PTS | 0.242 (0.941) | −0.011 | 0.230 | 0.087 | 0.925 |
| HTQ9: Feeling on guard | PTS | 0.590 (0.652) | −0.049 | 0.367 | 0.408 | 0.598 |
| HTQ10: Irritable, angry outbursts | PTS | 0.363 (0.868) | 0.668 | 0.017 | −0.231 | 0.674 |
| HTQ11: Avoid activities that remind of TE | PTS | 0.434 (0.811) | 0.366 | −0.067 | 0.212 | 0.761 |
| HTQ12: Unable to remember (parts of) TE | PTS | 0.197 (0.961) | 0.104 | −0.144 | 0.258 | 0.919 |
| HTQ13: Less interest in daily activities | PTS | 0.412 (0.830) | 0.280 | 0.311 | −0.069 | 0.781 |
| HTQ14: Feel that don't have a future | PTS | 0.513 (0.737) | 0.519 | 0.022 | 0.078 | 0.664 |
| HTQ15: Avoiding thoughts/feelings associated with TE | PTS | 0.209 (0.956) | 0.477 | −0.317 | 0.069 | 0.789 |
| HTQ16: Sudden emotional/physical reaction when reminded of TE | PTS | 0.446 (0.801) | 0.107 | 0.433 | 0.032 | 0.741 |
| Number of items | ANX: 10 DEP: 15 PTS: 16 | 31 | 15 | 14 | 12 | -- |
| Internal consistency | ANX: 0.761 DEP: 0.741 PTS: 0.722 | 0.875 | 0.791 | 0.752 | 0.734 | -- |
Abbreviations – ANX: Anxiety, DEP: Depression, HSCL: Hopkins Symptom Checklist, HTQ: Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, PTS: Post-Traumatic Stress, TE: Traumatic event.