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. 2023 May 25;55(6):927–938. doi: 10.1038/s41588-023-01398-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 9 — The impact of cognitive function polygenic score (PRS) and carrier status of PTV and/or damaging missense variants (MPC > 2) in LoF intolerant genes (pLI > 0.9) on a) EDU and b) VNR. EDU and VNR were residualized by sex, age, age², sex by age, sex by age², top 20 PCs and recruitment centers and inverse rank-based normal transformed. Median of educational attainment was calculated for individuals stratified by PRS quantiles (in 2% groups) and PTV and/or damaging missense variant carrier status. The blue and red lines represent fitted linear regressions for standardized, residualized phenotypes by PRS percentile groups, stratified by rare coding variant carrier status. The gray bands represent 95% confidence intervals for each of the fitted linear regression.