Table 1.
Distribution of the characteristics of school-going adolescents aged 12–17 years and of the prevalence of hypertension and obesity in relation to school and individual characteristics. Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), Brazil, 2013–2014
| Adolescents | Hypertension | Obesity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI |
| Contextual characteristics | ||||||
| School location area | ||||||
| Urban area | 96·1 | 88·1, 98·8 | 9·3 | 8·7, 9·9 | 8·4 | 7·9, 9·0 |
| Rural area | 3·9 | 1·2, 11·9 | 16·6 | 14·5, 18·8 | 5·9 | 4·8, 7·1 |
| School administrative dependence | ||||||
| Public | 82·6 | 77·9, 86·4 | 9·8 | 9·1, 10·5 | 7·8 | 7·3, 8·3 |
| Private | 17·4 | 13·6, 22·0 | 8·8 | 7·8, 9·9 | 11·1 | 9·9, 12·2 |
| Offer of meals prepared on the school premises | ||||||
| No | 17·6 | 13·4, 22·6 | 9·1 | 8·1, 10·1 | 11·0 | 9·7, 12·3 |
| Yes | 82·4 | 77·3, 86·5 | 9·7 | 9·1, 10·5 | 7·8 | 7·3, 8·4 |
| Sale of foods at school | ||||||
| No | 44·7 | 39·0, 50·6 | 9·4 | 8·5, 10·4 | 7·3 | 6·6, 8·2 |
| Yes | 55·3 | 49·4, 60·9 | 9·7 | 8·9, 10·7 | 9·2 | 8·6, 9·9 |
| Advertisement of industrialized foods at school | ||||||
| No | 95·4 | 93·2, 96·8 | 9·7 | 9·1, 10·4 | 8·4 | 7·9, 8·9 |
| Yes | 4·6 | 3·1, 6·7 | 7·2 | 5·5, 9·4 | 9·1 | 6·8, 12·7 |
| Sale of food in the school’s immediate vicinity | ||||||
| No | 46·1 | 40·4, 51·8 | 10·3 | 9·3, 11·3 | 8·7 | 7·8, 9·7 |
| Yes | 53·9 | 48·1, 59·5 | 9·1 | 8·2, 9·9 | 8·1 | 7·5, 8·7 |
| Individual characteristics | ||||||
| Physical activity level† | ||||||
| Active | 45·7 | 44·8, 46·6 | 10·7 | 9·8, 11·6 | 8·7 | 8·0, 9·4 |
| Insufficiently active | 54·3 | 53·4, 55·2 | 8·7 | 8·0, 9·4 | 8·1 | 7·5, 8·7 |
| Consumption of meals prepared on the school premises | ||||||
| No | 47·9 | 45·0, 50·8 | 10·2 | 9·4, 11·1 | 8·5 | 7·8, 9·3 |
| Yes | 52·0 | 49·1, 54·9 | 9·0 | 8·2, 9·8 | 8·2 | 7·6, 8·8 |
| Purchase of foods at the school cafeteria | ||||||
| No | 31·0 | 27·4, 34·8 | 8·7 | 7·8, 9·6 | 7·5 | 6·5, 8·7 |
| Yes | 69·0 | 65·1, 72·5 | 10·1 | 9·3, 10·8 | 8·7 | 8·1, 9·3 |
| Advanced stage of sexual maturation‡ | ||||||
| No | 25·1 | 24·3, 25·9 | 8·1 | 6·7, 9·7 | 7·2 | 6·2, 8·3 |
| Yes | 74·9 | 74·1, 75·6 | 10·1 | 9·5, 10·8 | 8·7 | 8·1, 9·4 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 49·8 | § | 7·3 | 6·5, 8·2 | 7·6 | 7·1, 8·2 |
| Male | 50·2 | § | 11·9 | 11·1, 12·8 | 9·1 | 8·4, 9·9 |
| Age | ||||||
| <15 years | 52·7 | § | 9·3 | 8·6, 10·1 | 9·6 | 8·9, 10·4 |
| ≥15 years | 47·3 | § | 9·9 | 9·0, 10·9 | 6·9 | 6·3, 7·6 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 40·0 | 38·3, 41·6 | 9·8 | 8·8, 10·9 | 9·9 | 9·1, 10·8 |
| Black or brown | 57·2 | 55·4, 58·7 | 9·5 | 8·7, 10·3 | 7·0 | 6·4, 7·7 |
| Asian | 2·1 | 1·8, 2·3 | 8·4 | 6·3, 11·1 | 7·3 | 5·4, 10·0 |
| Indigenous | 0·7 | 0·5, 0·8 | 7·5 | 5·2, 10·6 | 9·4 | 5·0, 16·9 |
†
Sufficiently active, ≥300 min/week; insufficiently active, <300 min/week( 20 ).
‡
Higher stage of self-assessment by the Tanner criteria, with the selection of illustrations 4 or 5 being considered advanced( 21 ).
§
Variables used to calculate the natural weights and calibration factors of the sample.