. 2019 May 16;22(13):2367–2380. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019000600

Table 3.

Comparison of energy and nutrient intakes estimated based on the food composition database (FCD) and those estimated based on the dish composition database (DCD), with use of standard portion size data or reported portion size data

		Men (n 196)											Women (n 196)
					DCD^†											DCD^†
		FCD^‡			Standard portion size^§				Reported portion size^║				FCD^†			Standard portion size^§				Reported portion size^║
Nutrient	Unit	Median	P₂₅	P₇₅	Median	P₂₅	P₇₅	P^¶	Median	P₂₅	P₇₅	P^¶	Median	P₂₅	P₇₅	Median	P₂₅	P₇₅	P^¶	Median	P₂₅	P₇₅	P^¶
Total energy	kJ/d	9830	8563	11 068	8688	7421	9760	<0·0001	10 018	8632	11 521	<0·0001	7717	6921	8772	8165	7016	9229	0·01	8105	7095	9067	<0·0001
Protein	g/d	81·7	69·2	93·3	74·3	63·2	85·3	<0·0001	87·0	72·8	98·3	<0·0001	65·6	57·0	76·0	70·8	59·1	81·7	0·0003	71·8	61·6	82·6	<0·0001
Fat	g/d	67·7	57·0	83·6	62·9	53·0	73·4	<0·0001	72·2	60·2	83·3	0·03	60·3	51·6	72·0	60·8	52·2	71·8	0·96	62·7	53·6	72·6	0·11
SFA	g/d	18·5	15·4	23·0	17·5	14·4	20·8	0·009	19·6	16·4	24·2	0·0008	17·9	13·8	21·2	17·9	14·7	21·1	0·59	18·1	15·1	21·3	0·02
MUFA	g/d	24·56	20·0	31·23	23·26	19·00	27·77	0·002	26·18	21·70	30·63	0·002	21·59	17·49	25·79	21·86	18·63	25·76	0·60	22·29	19·18	26·18	0·03
PUFA	g/d	14·71	12·0	17·77	13·85	11·27	16·24	0·005	15·82	13·29	18·14	<0·0001	12·53	9·98	14·80	13·09	10·87	15·14	0·17	13·21	11·52	15·37	0·003
n-6 PUFA	g/d	12·25	9·90	14·74	11·22	9·26	13·40	0·002	12·82	10·88	14·83	0·002	10·32	8·12	12·65	10·81	9·02	12·43	0·24	10·90	9·38	12·45	0·02
n-3 PUFA	g/d	2·36	1·75	3·07	2·43	1·94	3·03	0·89	2·79	2·27	3·50	<0·0001	1·90	1·44	2·46	2·18	1·81	2·77	<0·0001	2·35	1·85	2·97	<0·0001
EPA	g/d	0·22	0·08	0·41	0·24	0·15	0·36	0·41	0·31	0·18	0·46	<0·0001	0·16	0·06	0·29	0·21	0·13	0·33	<0·0001	0·24	0·13	0·39	<0·0001
DHA	g/d	0·40	0·20	0·72	0·43	0·28	0·63	0·63	0·55	0·33	0·77	<0·0001	0·31	0·15	0·51	0·39	0·26	0·56	<0·0001	0·43	0·25	0·66	<0·0001
α-Linolenic acid	g/d	1·47	1·16	1·90	1·50	1·24	1·86	0·43	1·79	1·42	2·04	<0·0001	1·30	1·02	1·60	1·43	1·19	1·71	0·0001	1·48	1·23	1·70	<0·0001
Cholesterol	mg/d	366	270	441	346	281	424	0·41	393	314	478	<0·0001	305	236	383	319	253	383	0·002	336	272	401	<0·0001
Carbohydrate	g/d	300	263	350	269	225	301	<0·0001	319	268	358	<0·0001	251	220	285	265	229	301	<0·0001	259	226	292	<0·0001
Soluble dietary fibre	g/d	3·1	2·4	3·8	3·1	2·5	3·6	0·73	3·4	2·9	4·0	<0·0001	3·0	2·5	3·8	3·2	2·6	3·7	0·10	3·1	2·7	3·7	<0·0001
Insoluble dietary fibre	g/d	10·0	7·8	12·5	9·8	7·9	11·4	0·04	11·0	8·9	12·7	<0·0001	9·5	7·8	11·8	10·0	8·2	11·7	0·23	9·6	8·2	11·6	0·007
Total dietary fibre	g/d	14·0	10·8	16·8	13·6	11·0	15·9	0·06	15·3	12·4	17·5	<0·0001	13·3	10·8	16·1	14·0	11·4	16·2	0·25	13·5	11·5	16·2	0·0007
Na	mg/d	4399	3572	4920	4916	4121	5919	<0·0001	5628	4517	6842	<0·0001	3502	2928	4233	4672	3750	5604	<0·0001	5002	3810	5855	<0·0001
K	mg/d	2650	2233	3216	2508	2106	2984	0·0003	2858	2445	3356	<0·0001	2512	2140	2877	2564	2117	2992	0·36	2633	2223	3013	<0·0001
Ca	mg/d	487	379	637	475	387	609	0·18	538	437	681	<0·0001	500	390	599	520	427	609	0·052	531	440	617	<0·0001
Mg	mg/d	276	231	332	267	220	311	0·001	306	258	349	<0·0001	250	216	289	267	221	307	0·01	269	228	312	<0·0001
P	mg/d	1170	941	1352	1053	900	1250	<0·0001	1264	1033	1428	<0·0001	984	851	1138	1051	877	1213	0·0002	1067	914	1222	<0·0001
Fe	mg/d	8·8	7·1	10·3	8·1	6·9	9·5	0·0005	9·4	8·3	10·8	<0·0001	7·6	6·4	9·3	8·3	6·7	9·6	0·16	8·3	7·0	9·7	<0·0001
Zn	mg/d	9·2	7·8	10·9	8·9	7·7	10·3	0·03	10·3	8·7	11·8	<0·0001	7·4	6·4	8·6	8·6	6·9	9·8	<0·0001	8·3	7·4	9·6	<0·0001
Cu	mg/d	1·28	1·05	1·54	1·20	1·02	1·39	0·0002	1·39	1·18	1·61	<0·0001	1·08	0·90	1·27	1·22	0·99	1·40	<0·0001	1·17	1·00	1·34	<0·0001
Mn	mg/d	3·77	3·06	4·92	3·60	2·98	4·12	<0·0001	4·21	3·54	5·16	<0·0001	3·44	2·81	4·44	3·77	3·12	4·24	0·54	3·77	3·14	4·58	0·003
Retinol	µg/d	158	116	216	366	249	553	<0·0001	398	269	592	<0·0001	157	116	203	319	215	509	<0·0001	311	217	532	<0·0001
α-Carotene	µg/d	484	280	802	442	355	622	0·04	503	394	663	0·68	440	267	668	472	367	588	0·60	461	367	547	0·78
β-Carotene	µg/d	2986	1786	4481	2891	2300	3687	0·77	3324	2505	3889	0·06	2906	1917	4123	3009	2393	3633	0·73	2979	2389	3711	0·61
Cryptoxanthin	µg/d	61	33	204	134	43	294	0·02	119	47	240	0·10	76	36	345	198	72	322	0·07	151	71	305	0·39
β-Carotene equivalent	µg/d	3525	2093	4987	3295	2633	4178	0·56	3759	2867	4407	0·14	3334	2204	4536	3423	2713	4115	0·75	3414	2719	4103	0·84
Vitamin A (retinol equivalent)	µg/d	472	352	649	678	513	854	<0·0001	713	564	961	<0·0001	448	358	565	625	493	835	<0·0001	622	478	850	<0·0001
Vitamin D	µg/d	6·6	3·5	12·0	6·8	4·8	9·6	0·52	8·8	5·8	11·4	0·0004	5·5	3·0	9·2	6·5	4·6	8·7	0·06	6·9	4·7	9·9	0·0001
α-Tocopherol	mg/d	7·5	6·1	9·1	7·6	6·3	9·0	0·75	8·4	7·2	10·1	<0·0001	7·0	5·4	8·6	7·5	6·4	8·5	0·01	7·5	6·5	8·8	<0·0001
Vitamin K	µg/d	224	152	301	216	170	265	0·19	235	186	296	0·004	214	160	311	208	160	283	0·053	205	165	292	0·44
Thiamin	mg/d	1·09	0·88	1·31	0·99	0·84	1·13	<0·0001	1·08	0·96	1·33	0·03	0·86	0·72	1·07	0·93	0·80	1·10	0·04	0·96	0·79	1·11	<0·0001
Riboflavin	mg/d	1·39	1·10	1·69	1·27	1·06	1·49	<0·0001	1·47	1·23	1·76	<0·0001	1·25	1·03	1·54	1·29	1·07	1·50	0·99	1·35	1·11	1·59	<0·0001
Niacin	mg/d	20·6	16·8	25·0	18·4	15·4	22·2	<0·0001	22·2	18·3	25·8	<0·0001	17·0	14·0	19·9	17·0	14·1	20·3	0·10	18·1	15·5	20·7	<0·0001
Vitamin B₆	mg/d	1·39	1·06	1·72	1·29	1·10	1·55	0·052	1·48	1·28	1·74	<0·0001	1·15	0·96	1·37	1·23	1·02	1·46	0·006	1·24	1·05	1·45	<0·0001
Vitamin B₁₂	µg/d	6·1	3·7	9·3	7·7	5·6	9·6	<0·0001	9·3	6·6	11·0	<0·0001	4·2	2·8	7·7	6·6	5·1	8·8	<0·0001	7·2	5·6	9·4	<0·0001
Folate	µg/d	352	256	471	337	276	399	0·007	381	320	446	0·0001	346	271	429	339	282	396	0·14	352	286	414	0·33
Pantothenic acid	mg/d	6·52	5·46	7·94	6·12	5·16	7·17	<0·0001	6·98	5·94	8·09	<0·0001	5·69	4·65	6·70	6·17	4·86	6·99	0·002	5·97	5·05	7·01	<0·0001
Vitamin C	mg/d	102	72	144	94	72	118	<0·0001	102	80	129	0·43	109	80	143	99	79	116	<0·0001	97	81	123	<0·0001
Alcohol	g/d	4·1	0·6	28·2	5·0	0·3	19·4	<0·0001	3·8	0·4	27·1	<0·0001	0·9	0·3	3·6	0·4	0·3	4·9	<0·0001	0·5	0·3	2·5	0·0004

P₂₅, 25th percentile; P₇₅, 75th percentile.

^†

Nutrient intake estimated using the DCD for 128 kinds of dishes developed from 16 d dietary records in 126 men and 126 women.

^‡

Nutrient intake estimated using the Standard Table of Food Composition in Japan⁽³⁶⁾.

^§

Nutrient intake estimated using the weight of each dish in the DCD.

^║

Estimated nutrient intake calculated by adjusting nutrient content of a dish in the DCD by reported portion size of the dish in the dietary records. The calculation method was as follows: estimated nutrient intake from a dish adjusted by reported portion size = nutrient content of the dish in the DCD (g) × reported portion size of the dish in the dietary records (g)/standard portion size of the dish in the DCD (g).

^¶

The difference compared with values derived from the FCD was tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.