Table 2.
Family-related mediators of healthy and unhealthy snack consumption (standardized). The ToyBox-study, May/June 2013
| α | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI | αβ | 95 % CI | τ′ | 95 % CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy snacking | ||||||||
| My child likes to eat F&V as a snack | 0·06 | 0·01, 0·10 | 0·18 | 0·15, 0·21 | 0·01 | 0·00, 0·02 | −0·03 | −0·08, 0·12 |
| I often give F&V as snacks to my child | 0·03 | −0·02, 0·09 | 0·15 | 0·13, 0·18 | 0·01 | −0·00, 0·01 | −0·02 | −0·07, 0·03 |
| I make F&V snacks regularly available for my child | −0·02 | −0·08, 0·03 | 0·14 | 0·12, 0·17 | −0·00 | −0·01, 0·00 | −0·02 | −0·06, 0·04 |
| My child is allowed to eat F&V as snacks without asking | −0·02 | −0·07, 0·04 | 0·04 | 0·01, 0·07 | −0·00 | −0·00, 0·00 | −0·01 | −0·06, 0·04 |
| Parental F&V consumption | −0·01 | −0·07, 0·04 | 0·04 | 0·01, 0·06 | 0·00 | −0·00, 0·00 | −0·01 | −0·06, 0·04 |
| Parental knowledge on F&V recommendation† | 0·00 | −0·09, 0·08 | 0·35 | 0·29, 0·39 | 0·00 | −0·03, 0·03 | −0·01 | −0·09, 0·06 |
| Unhealthy snacking | ||||||||
| I think eating sweet or salty snacks is not bad for my child | −0·13 | −0·06, 0·04 | 0·08 | 0·04, 0·13 | −0·00 | −0·01, 0·00 | −0·06 | −0·12, 0·00 |
| I make sweet or salty snacks regularly available for my child | −0·00 | −0·06, 0·06 | 0·09 | 0·06, 0·12 | 0·00 | −0·01, 0·01 | −0·07 | −0·13, −0·01 |
| My child is not allowed to snack while watching television | 0·11 | 0·05, 0·16 | −0·03 | −0·07, 0·00 | −0·00 | −0·01, 0·00 | −0·06 | −0·13, 0·00 |
| My child is allowed to eat sweet or salty snacks only at certain occasions, i.e. birthdays | 0·11 | 0·05, 0·17 | −0·05 | −0·09, −0·02 | −0·01 | −0·01, −0·00 | −0·06 | −0·12, 0·01 |
| I give sweet or salty snacks to my child as a reward or to comfort him | −0·01 | −0·07, 0·05 | 0·04 | −0·00, 0·07 | 0·00 | −0·00, 0·00 | −0·06 | −0·12, 0·01 |
| If I prohibit my child to eat sweet/salty snack I find it difficult to stick to my rules if (s)he starts nagging | 0·02 | −0·05, 0·08 | 0·05 | 0·02, 0·09 | 0·00 | −0·00, 0·01 | −0·07 | −0·13, −0·00 |
| I find it difficult to restrain myself from eating sweet or salty snacks because of the presence of my child | −0·01 | −0·06, 0·05 | 0·05 | 0·01, 0·09 | 0·00 | −0·00, 0·00 | −0·06 | −0·12, 0·00 |
| Parental snack consumption | −0·07 | −0·13, −0·01 | 0·14 | 0·10, 0·19 | −0·01 | −0·02, −0·00 | −0·05 | −0·11, 0·02 |
| Parental knowledge on snacking recommendation† | 0·16 | 0·09, 0·23 | −0·11 | −0·16, −0·07 | −0·02 | −0·03, −0·01 | −0·04 | −0·10, 0·02 |
α, estimation of the effect of the intervention on the proposed mediator; β, estimation of the effect of the mediator on unhealthy snacking and F&V consumption; αβ, computation of the indirect effect of the intervention on unhealthy snacking and F&V consumption via the proposed mediator; τ′, estimation of the effect of the mediator on unhealthy snacking and F&V consumption adjusting for the intervention effect; F&V, fruit(s) and vegetable(s).
All models were single mediation models adjusted for child’s sex and age, maternal education, country, baseline values of snacking consumption and baseline values of the specific mediators. Bias-corrected bootstrapping using 5000 samples was conducted with the maximum likelihood estimator (except for categorical mediators indicated with †, which were conducted with the WLSMV indicator) using Mplus version 8.0. Standardized coefficients are shown using STDY standardization because of a binary independent variable. Significant associations are presented in bold font. The regression coefficients are presented in sd.