Table 4.

Correlates of undernutrition among children aged 0–24 months and 25–59 months: maternal health and nutrition factors. Demographic and Health Survey data, Ethiopia, 2016 (n 9696)

	0–24 months (n 4199)						25–59 months (n 5497)
	Stunting		Wasting		Underweight		Stunting		Wasting		Underweight
	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI
BMI (kg/m2)
<18·5	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.
18·5–24·9	0·72	0·49, 1·05	1·25	0·60, 2·57	0·75	0·42, 1·33	0·68	0·38, 1·22	0·54	0·19, 1·57	0·43**	0·21, 0·77
≥25·0	0·25**	0·11, 0·55	0·20*	0·04, 0·96	0·05**	0·01, 0·41	0·23**	0·10, 0·53	0·35	0·08, 1·55	0·07***	0·02, 0·26
Iron supplement†
No	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.
Yes	0·80	0·69, 1·02	0·85	0·50, 1·42	0·73	0·47, 1·13	1·43	0·99, 2·09	1·16	0·55, 2·47	1·56	0·97, 2·51
Short stature (<150 cm)
No	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.
Yes	2·21***	1·52, 3·16	0·69	0·41, 1·41	1·81**	1·16, 2·81	3·12***	2·02, 4·89	1·98	0·93, 4·23	2·48***	1·52, 4·04
Source of drinking-water
Piped	0·68*	0·47, 0·98	1·02	0·63, 1·67	0·57*	0·36, 0·90	0·64*	0·44, 0·92	1·52	0·76, 3·03	0·68	0·43, 1·06
Not piped	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.
Maternal anaemia‡
Not anaemic	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.
Anaemic	1·14	0·94, 1·40	0·90	0·53, 1·53	0·81	0·51, 1·26	1·25	0·82, 1·91	0·86	0·36, 2·02	0·97	0·58, 1·62
Antenatal care
No	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.	1·00	Ref.
Yes	0·63**	0·46, 0·87	1·31	0·93, 1·81	0·95	0·68, 1·33	1·18	0·66, 2·13	2·17	0·88, 5·39	0·95	0·44, 2·02

Ref., reference category.

*P<0·05, **P<0·01, ***P<0·001.

^†Iron supplement refers to iron supplement during pregnancy.

^‡Not anaemic, Hb≥12 g/dl; anaemic, Hb<12 g/dl.