. 2018 Dec 31;22(6):1138–1147. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018003506

Table 2.

Characteristics and outcomes of studies on iodine deficiency among non-pregnant/non-lactating women in the UK

Study	Study design	Location and setting	Sample size (n)	Sampling season	Assessment method of iodine status	Median UIC (μg/l)	Dietary assessment results	Other reference value
Bath et al. (2014)⁽ ¹⁴ ⁾	Cross-sectional	South East England, local community	57	Winter	24 h urine collection	63·1	Median estimated iodine intake = 167 μg/d (urinary excretion); 123 μg/d (48 h food diary)	Median total 24 h urinary excretion = 149·8 μg/d
Bath et al. (2014)⁽ ¹⁴ ⁾	Cross-sectional	South East England, local community	57	Winter	48 h food diary	63·1		Median total 24 h urinary excretion = 149·8 μg/d
Combet and Lean (2014)⁽ ¹⁵ ⁾	Validation	Glasgow	43	Summer	24 h urine collection	74	Median daily iodine intake = 103 μg/d (food diary); 110 μg/d (FFQ)	Median estimated iodine intake = 107·3 μg/d
					4 d food diary
					FFQ
O’Kane et al. (2016)⁽ ³⁴ ⁾	Cross-sectional	UK and Ireland, online survey	520	Winter	FFQ	NA	Median estimated iodine intake = 152 μg/d
Vanderpump et al. (2011)⁽ ⁸ ⁾	Cross-sectional	Nine cities cross the UK	737	Winter	Spot urine	80·1	Low urinary iodine excretion linked to:
Vanderpump et al. (2011)⁽ ⁸ ⁾	Cross-sectional	Nine cities cross the UK	737	Winter	Dietary questionnaire	80·1	Low intake of milk (P <0·03) High intake of eggs (P <0·02)

UIC, urinary iodine concentration; NA, not available.