Table 3.
Association between the adapted KIDMED for adolescents (KIDMED_A) and food intakes among adolescents aged 12·5–17·5 years from nine European countries, Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study
| KIDMED_A (n 1114) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95 % CI | P value | |
| Beverages | |||
| Water (g/d) | 0·0006 | 0·0004, 0·0009 | <0·0001 |
| Coffee and tea (g/d) | 0·0024 | 0·0013, 0·0035 | <0·0001 |
| Soups/bouillon (g/d) | −0·0009 | −0·0032, 0·0013 | 0·419 |
| Bread & Cereals | |||
| Bread and rolls (g/d) | 0·0095 | 0·0071, 0·0119 | <0·0001 |
| Breakfast cereals (g/d) | 0·0270 | 0·0210, 0·0329 | <0·0001 |
| Potatoes & Grains | |||
| Rice and other grains (g/d) | 0·0024 | −0·0009, 0·0058 | 0·154 |
| Starch roots, potatoes (g/d) | 0·0018 | −0·0012, 0·0048 | 0·244 |
| Pasta (g/d) | 0·0026 | 0·0001, 0·0051 | 0·035 |
| Vegetables (g/d) | 0·0108 | 0·0086, 0·0126 | <0·0001 |
| Fruits (g/d) | 0·0077 | 0·0065, 0·0089 | <0·0001 |
| Milk Products | |||
| Milk, yoghurt and milk beverages (g/d) | 0·00137 | −0·00004, 0·00280 | 0·058 |
| Desserts and puddings, milk based (g/d) | −0·0032 | −0·0081, 0·0017 | 0·200 |
| Cheese (g/d) | 0·0288 | 0·0230, 0·0346 | <0·0001 |
| Meat/Fish/Egg/Meat Alternatives | |||
| Meat (g/d) | −0·0010 | −0·0028, 0·0007 | 0·271 |
| Fish products (g/d) | 0·0033 | −0·0029, 0·0095 | 0·294 |
| Eggs (g/d) | 0·0131 | 0·0044, 0·0217 | 0·003 |
| Meat substitutes, nuts and pulses (g/d) | 0·0110 | 0·0070, 0·0150 | <0·0001 |
| Fats & Oils | |||
| Margarine and vegetable oils (g/d) | 0·0135 | 0·0005, 0·0265 | 0·041 |
| Butter and animal fats (g/d) | 0·0217 | 0·0116, 0·0319 | <0·0001 |
| Non-recommended foods | |||
| Snacks & Candy | |||
| Cakes, pies, biscuits (g/d) | −0·0042 | −0·0074, −0·0010 | 0·010 |
| Savoury snacks (g/d) | −0·0064 | −0·01489, 0·0019 | 0·132 |
| Sugar, honey, jam, candies, chocolate (g/d) | 0·0104 | 0·0038, 0·0170 | 0·002 |
| Sauces & Creams (g/d) | 0·0015 | −0·0034, 0·0065 | 0·538 |
| Drinks | |||
| Carbonated/soft/isotonic drinks (g/d) | −0·0009 | −0·0013, −0·0005 | <0·0001 |
| Fruit and vegetable juices (g/d) | 0·0009 | 0·0001, 0·0017 | 0·019 |
| Alcoholic beverages (g/d) | −0·0002 | −0·0015, 0·0009 | 0·657 |
KIDMED, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents; β, standardized regression coefficient.
Multilevel regression analyses with inclusion of a random intercept for centre and corrected for age and sex as independent variables. Bonferroni correction resulted in level of significance <0·0019.