Table 2.
Nutrient intakes during school hours (09.00–14.00 hours) for Canadian children aged 6–17 years in 2004 and 2015
| CCHS cycle | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 (n 4827) | 2015 (n 2447) | ||||
| Mean | Mean | β* | 95 % CI | P value | |
| Energy (kJ)* | 3121 | 2745 | −377 | –502, –251 | <0·001 |
| Energy (kcal)* | 746 | 656 | −90 | −120, −60 | <0·001 |
| Carbohydrates† (g) | 98·1 | 96·6 | −1·5 | −3·9, 0·8 | 0·200 |
| Fibre† (g) | 4·9 | 6·5 | 1·6 | 1·3, 1·9 | <0·001 |
| Total sugar† (g) | 45·0 | 40·8 | −4·2 | −6·4, −2·0 | <0·001 |
| Total fat† (g) | 25·0 | 24·6 | −0·3 | −1·1, 0·5 | 0·426 |
| Saturated fat† (g) | 8·4 | 8·5 | 0·1 | −0·4, 0·5 | 0·750 |
| Monounsaturated fat† (g) | 10·0 | 8·6 | −1·3 | −1·7, −0·9 | <0·001 |
| Polyunsaturated fat† (g) | 4·3 | 5·2 | 0·9 | 0·6, 1·2 | <0·001 |
| Linoleic acid† (g) | 3·6 | 4·5 | 0·9 | 0·6, 1·2 | <0·001 |
| Linolenic acid† (g) | 0·6 | 0·6 | −0·01 | −0·1, 0·0 | 0·627 |
| Cholesterol† (mg) | 60·1 | 69 | 9 | 3, 14 | 0·005 |
| Protein† (g) | 23·3 | 25·6 | 2·4 | 1·3, 3·4 | <0·001 |
| Vitamin A† (RAE) | 157 | 194 | 37 | 20, 54 | <0·001 |
| Vitamin D† (µg) | 1·17 | 1·28 | 0·11 | −0·01, 0·24 | 0·075 |
| Vitamin C† (mg) | 56·4 | 57·6 | 1·2 | −4·7, 7·0 | 0·693 |
| Thiamin† (mg) | 0·57 | 0·62 | 0·05 | 0·01, 0·08 | 0·005 |
| Riboflavin† (mg) | 0·62 | 0·60 | −0·02 | −0·05, 0·01 | 0·164 |
| Niacin† (mg) | 10·8 | 12·4 | 1·6 | 1·1, 2·1 | <0·001 |
| Vitamin B6 † (mg) | 0·46 | 0·48 | 0·02 | 0·00, 0·05 | 0·031 |
| Vitamin B12 † (µg) | 0·99 | 1·03 | 0·04 | −0·04, 0·13 | 0·310 |
| Folate† (DFE) | 147 | 168 | 21 | 13, 28 | <0·001 |
| Calcium† (mg) | 295 | 316 | 21 | 2, 40 | 0·029 |
| Phosphorus† (mg) | 386 | 443 | 58 | 42, 74 | <0·001 |
| Magnesium† (mg) | 81·0 | 94·4 | 13·4 | 10·6, 16·2 | <0·001 |
| Iron† (mg) | 4·5 | 4·6 | 0·1 | −0·1, 0·3 | 0·262 |
| Zinc† (mg) | 3·0 | 3·3 | 0·3 | 0·1, 0·5 | 0·005 |
| Sodium† (mg) | 1096 | 1077 | −19 | −74, 36 | 0·502 |
| Potassium† (mg) | 798 | 867 | 69 | 39, 100 | <0·001 |
CCHS, Canadian Community Health Survey; RAE, retinol activity equivalents (µg); DFE, dietary folate equivalents (µg).
*
Differences in energy intake between survey cycle tested using a simple linear model.
†
Differences in covariate-adjusted nutrient intakes were tested using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for school hour energy intake, ethnicity and household food security status (n 4791 in 2004 and n 2420 in 2015) due to missing data for ethnicity and food security status in 2004 and 2015.