. 2019 May 22;22(15):2868–2878. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019001198

Table 3.

Relationship between the new framework, study findings and policy theories

Framework element	Description	Empirical basis	Theoretical basis
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leadership	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health advocacy should be led by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in order support the right of First Peoples to self-determination	The present study found that nutrition advocacy has lacked Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leadership and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander policy ‘champions’	Policy entrepreneurs⁽²⁵⁾ Actor power: leadership⁽²⁷⁾
A coordinating home base	An organisation or coordination mechanism that has the capacity to guide policy and advocacy activities. This helps to formalise and legitimise the advocacy effort so that it can be sustained over time	The present research highlighted the importance of having effective institutions to provide a ‘home base’ for the coordination of advocacy. The loss of the National Public Health Partnership, as a guiding institution for nutrition policy, was a key barrier for nutrition advocates	Actor power: guiding institutions⁽²⁷⁾
Coalitions	Individuals and organisations who share beliefs about, and goals for, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health policy should work together in advocacy coalitions, rather than lobbying in isolation	The present research demonstrated that actors within the nutrition policy community (including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leaders, nutritionists and civil society groups) have lacked a united, collective voice	Advocacy Coalition Framework⁽²⁶⁾ Actor power: policy community cohesion and civil society mobilisation⁽²⁷⁾
Evidence	Evidence is needed to support health policy decisions. This includes evidence about the health issue as well as evidence-based policy ‘solutions’	The present study found that the multifaceted nature of nutrition made it challenging to measure the prevalence and severity of the ‘problem’ and compare its impact with that of other problems. There was also a perceived lack of evidence-based policy ‘solutions’	Problem and policy streams⁽²⁵⁾ Issue characteristics⁽²⁷⁾
Stories	In order to be effective, advocates need to decide how best to frame and communicate information about the health issue, or tell its story, so that it will resonate with decision makers and the general public	The present study identified a perceived lack of consensus among food and nutrition advocates and the need for a more compelling narrative to communicate policy ideas to decision makers and the general public	Problem framing⁽²⁵⁾ Deep core beliefs and policy core⁽²⁶⁾ Ideas⁽²⁷⁾
Advocacy	It is important to be ready for windows of opportunity for advocacy. These ‘policy windows’ are when the timing is right to influence political agendas. When policy windows open, it is important for advocates to act quickly and provide ‘solutions’ to policy ‘problems’		Policy windows⁽²⁵⁾ Subsystem events and external events⁽²⁶⁾ Political contexts⁽²⁷⁾