Table 1.
Salad reporting status by selected characteristics; US adults (n 9678) aged ≥20 years, What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014
| Salad reporting status | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | n * | Non-reporters | Reporters | P † |
| All individuals | 9678 | 77·0 | 23·0 | – |
| Demographic | ||||
| Sex (%) | <0·001 | |||
| Male | 4808 | 80·8 | 19·2 | |
| Female‡ | 4870 | 73·3 | 26·7 | |
| Age group (%) | <0·001 | |||
| 20–39 years | 3301 | 82·4 | 17·6 | |
| 40–59 years | 3309 | 75·0 | 25·0 | |
| ≥60 years | 3068 | 72·8 | 27·2 | |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | <0·001 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 4007 | 73·6 | 26·4 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2243 | 86·7 | 13·3 | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1110 | 81·4 | 18·6 | |
| Hispanic | 2029 | 81·8 | 18·2 | |
| Other§ | 289 | 86·2 | 13·8 | |
| Income as PIR║ (%) | <0·001 | |||
| 0–130 | 3111 | 84·7 | 15·3 | |
| 131–350 | 3082 | 78·3 | 21·7 | |
| >350 | 2765 | 71·0 | 29·0 | |
| Not reported | 720 | 78·5 | 21·5 | |
| Educational level¶ (%) | <0·001 | |||
| <High school graduate | 2104 | 85·4 | 14·6 | |
| High school graduate | 2123 | 81·4 | 18·6 | |
| >High school graduate | 5451 | 73·5 | 26·5 | |
| Anthropometric | ||||
| BMI category (%) | 0·035 | |||
| <25·0 kg/m2 | 2920 | 75·6 | 24·4 | |
| 25·0–29·9 kg/m2 | 3073 | 75·5 | 24·5 | |
| ≥30·0 kg/m2 | 3588 | 79·3 | 20·7 | |
| Waist circumference (%) | 0·897 | |||
| At or below cut-off** | 5154 | 76·8 | 23·2 | |
| Above cut-off** | 4157 | 77·0 | 23·0 | |
| Lifestyle | ||||
| Activity status†† (%) | 0·242 | |||
| <150 min/week | 3836 | 78·4 | 21·6 | |
| 150–299 min/week | 1094 | 74·4 | 25·6 | |
| ≥300 min/week | 4748 | 76·6 | 23·4 | |
| Smoking status‡‡ (%) | <0·001 | |||
| Never smoker | 5429 | 75·7 | 24·3 | |
| Former smoker | 2260 | 72·6 | 27·4 | |
| Current smoker | 1983 | 85·9 | 14·1 | |
Within each characteristic, counts do not necessarily sum to the count of all individuals due to missing data.
The χ 2 test was used to identify relationships between salad reporting and characteristics.
Excludes pregnant and lactating females.
Includes both individuals who were of races other than those listed and those who were multiracial.
PIR (poverty income ratio) is the ratio of family income to poverty, expressed as a percentage(39).
Educational level equals highest level of school completed. ‘High school graduate’ includes general equivalency diploma (GED) or equivalent.
National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute cut-offs used in assessing risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension and CVD are 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women( 55 ).
Includes all physical activity, regardless of purpose (recreation, in the performance of work or as a means of transportation), with each vigorous-intensity minute counted as the equivalent of 2 moderate-intensity minutes(36).
Participants who reported smoking <100 cigarettes in their lives were classified as ‘never smokers’, those who had smoked ≥100 cigarettes but did not smoke at all at the time of the survey were classified as ‘former smokers’, and those who smoked cigarettes every day or some days at the time of the survey were classified as ‘current smokers’.