Table 2.
Mean calcium intake and prevalence of inadequate and excess calcium intake among Ethiopian women aged 15–45 years, by physiological status*
| Single day Ca intake | Estimated usual intake | Simulation with 1·0 g/d supplementation | Simulation with 1·5 g/d supplementation | Simulation with 2·0 g/d supplementation | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physiological status | n | Mean† (mg) | sd | <EAR (%) | >UL (%) | Mean‡ (mg) | sd | <EAR (%) | >UL (%) | Mean‡ (mg) | sd | <EAR (%) | >UL (%) | Mean‡ (mg) | sd | <EAR (%) | >UL (%) | Mean‡ (mg) | sd | <EAR (%) | >UL (%) |
| Non-pregnant non-lactating | 2385 | 440a | 447 | 91·9 | 0 | 473 | 276 | 89·5 | 0 | 1453 | 243 | 0 | <1 | 1955 | 244 | 0 | 3·4 | 2460 | 249 | 0 | 34·6 |
| Pregnant | 492 | 432a | 470 | 91·3 | 0 | 438 | 260 | 91·2 | 0 | 1439 | 256 | 0 | <1 | 1936 | 252 | 0 | 3·5 | 2436 | 251 | 0 | 30·6 |
| Lactating | 4425 | 509b | 522 | 85·9 | 0 | 516 | 273 | 86·7 | 0 | 1516 | 272 | 0 | <1 | 2016 | 272 | 0 | 5·5 | 2516 | 272 | 0 | 44·4 |
EAR, Estimated Average Requirement; UL, Tolerable Upper Intake Level.
a,bMean values within a column with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (P<0·05).
*
Data are not weighted by population size; 558 participants had missing values for physiological status.
†
Columns 3–6: mean, sd, %<EAR and %>UL were calculated from raw reported data.
‡
Columns 7–22: means, sd, %<EAR and %>UL were calculated through adjustments applied in deriving the ‘usual’ dietary intake using Intake, Monitoring, Assessment and Planning Program (IMAPP) software and external variables.