Table 2.
Associations between household-level characteristics and underweight by multilevel logistic regression among all study participants (n 11 388), former internally displaced persons living in a rural post-conflict area of northern Uganda, 2011–2013
| Crude (n 11 388) | Model 1 (n 11 388) | Model 2 (n 6188) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95 % CI | Adjusted OR | 95 % CI | Adjusted OR | 95 % CI | |
| Headship | ||||||
| Male | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Female | 1·22 | 1·05, 1·42† | 1·01 | 0·86, 1·18 | 0·89 | 0·71, 1·11 |
| Polygamy | ||||||
| No | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Yes | 0·74 | 0·60, 0·90† | 0·79 | 0·65, 0·97† | 0·84 | 0·65, 1·08 |
| Household size (members) | ||||||
| 7 members | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| 1 member | 3·53 | 2·47, 5·06 | 1·64 | 1·10, 2·46 | 1·38 | 0·78, 2·44 |
| 2–4 members | 1·23 | 0·99, 1·53 | 0·98 | 0·76, 1·26 | 0·85 | 0·61, 1·19 |
| 5–6 members | 1·01 | 0·82, 1·25 | 0·93 | 0·74, 1·17 | 0·85 | 0·63, 1·15 |
| 8–9 members | 0·94 | 0·75, 1·18 | 0·90 | 0·72, 1·14 | 0·87 | 0·64, 1·17 |
| 10–18 members | 1·04 | 0·80, 1·35† | 0·99 | 0·76, 1·28 | 0·91 | 0·66, 1·26 |
| Child-to-adult ratio | ||||||
| 1 (lowest, ratio=0·1) | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| 2 (second lowest, ratio=1·1–1·5) | 0·77 | 0·64, 0·92 | 0·98 | 0·80, 1·21 | 0·90 | 0·69, 1·17 |
| 3 (second highest, ratio=1·6–2) | 0·80 | 0·67, 0·95 | 1·05 | 0·86, 1·28 | 1·00 | 0·77, 1·29 |
| 4 (highest, ratio=2·25–7) | 0·68 | 0·58, 0·81† | 0·91 | 0·74, 1·11 | 0·87 | 0·67, 1·12 |
| Child crowding | ||||||
| 0–1 child/room | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
| >1 child/room | 1·09 | 0·87, 1·36 | 1·23 | 0·96, 1·57* | ||
| Living with ≥1 stunted person | ||||||
| No | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Yes | 1·03 | 0·90, 1·17 | 1·19 | 1·04, 1·36† | 1·21 | 1·01, 1·45† |
| Living with ≥1 overweight person | ||||||
| No | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Yes | 0·56 | 0·42, 0·75† | 0·65 | 0·49, 0·87† | 0·63 | 0·43, 0·93† |
| Deprived area | ||||||
| No | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Yes | 1·28 | 0·90, 1·83 | 1·37 | 0·97, 1·94* | 1·51 | 0·93, 2·45* |
| Distance to health centre | ||||||
| 1 (lowest quartile, 0·05–1·8 km) | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
| 2 (1·9–2·7 km) | 1·26 | 0·95, 1·67 | 1·41 | 1·03, 1·94 | ||
| 3 (2·8–3·9 km) | 1·46 | 1·08, 1·97 | 1·60 | 1·13, 2·27 | ||
| 4 (highest quartile, 4·0–9·9 km) | 1·21 | 0·87, 1·68* | 1·42 | 0·98, 2·06† | ||
| Household SES | ||||||
| 1 (lowest quartile) | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
| 2 | 0·85 | 0·65, 1·12 | 0·98 | 0·73, 1·30 | ||
| 3 | 0·83 | 0·64, 1·09 | 1·05 | 0·79, 1·39 | ||
| 4 | 0·82 | 0·63, 1·08 | 1·09 | 0·81, 1·45 | ||
| 5 (highest quartile) | 0·73 | 0·55, 0·95 | 0·94 | 0·69, 1·27 | ||
n, number of observations (individuals included in each model); SES, socio-economic status; Ref., reference category.
OR and corresponding 95 % CI presented by four-level multilevel logistic regression models, where level 1 represents observations, level 2 represents individuals, level 3 represents households and level 4 represents villages.
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, season when the anthropometric measurements were taken, sex of household head, polygamy, household size, child-to-adult ratio, living with ≥1 stunted person, living with ≥1 overweight person and deprived area.
Model 2 adjusted for age, sex, season when the anthropometric measurements were taken, sex of household head, polygamy, household size, child-to-adult ratio, living with ≥1 stunted person, living with ≥1 overweight person, deprived area, child crowding, distance to health centre and household SES.
Entries in bold mark statistically significant associations. Significance level: *P<0·10 and †P<0·05 by testparm (Stata version 14).