Table 2.
Themes and sub-themes for strategies to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and increase access to and consumption of safe drinking-water among 0- to 5-year-olds from survey 1
| SSB responses (676 strategies) | Water responses (587 strategies) | |
|---|---|---|
| SSB and water themes | ||
| Education | 28·7 | 32·5 |
| Behaviour change techniques | 16·0 | 24·1 |
| Passive, written education | 14·4 | 28·8 |
| Counselling and screening by health-care professionals | 17·5 | 7·9 |
| Provider training and education | 17·0 | 12·6 |
| Technology-delivered education | 15·4 | 5·8 |
| Campaigns and contests | 8·6 | 10·7 |
| Public awareness campaigns | 89·7 | 81·0 |
| Competitions, contests, challenges | 12·1 | 20·6 |
| Marketing and advertising changes | 7·5 | 5·8 |
| Choice architecture | 9·8 | 17·6 |
| Counter-advertising | 33·3 | 88·2 |
| Restrictions and regulations | 56·9 | – |
| Price changes | 9·0 | 3·1 |
| Monetary, coupon incentives | 16·4 | 66·7 |
| Non-tax price changes | 4·9 | 33·3 |
| Taxation (SSB, sugar) | 78·7 | – |
| Physical access | 34·3 | 48·2 |
| Kid’s meal and menu changes | 14·7 | 5·3 |
| SSB sales, serving, consumption restrictions | 86·2 | – |
| Water availability, accessibility, provision | – | 95·4 |
| Improve setting and programme capacity | 4·0 | 12·8 |
| Recognition and rating systems | 33·3 | 6·7 |
| Resources, funding, incentives | 74·1 | 93·3 |
| SSB-specific themes | ||
| Labelling and packaging of SSB | 4·3 | – |
| Packaging | 13·8 | – |
| Warning labels | 86·2 | – |
| Decrease sugar in SSB | 1·2 | – |
| Portion sizes or reformulation | 100·0 | – |
| Water-specific themes | ||
| Water quality and safety | – | 16·7 |
| Improve quality and safety | – | 53·1 |
| Improve taste | – | 25·5 |
| Water safety tests | – | 34·7 |
Percentages in bold (themes) are calculated with the total number of strategies as the denominator. Percentages not in bold (sub-themes) are calculated with the number of strategies within each theme as the denominator. ‘–’ indicates that a given theme or sub-theme was not relevant for either water or SSB, respectively. The proportion of responses mentioning each theme or sub-theme within a theme do not always add to 100 % because some responses were coded as more than one theme (e.g. a strategy suggesting changes to price and physical access), some responses identified a theme but not a sub-theme (e.g. ‘education for parents’), and a small number of responses did not address any of the emergent themes or were unrelated to the question.