Table 3.
Factors associated with perceived importance and self-reported actions to reduce dietary salt consumption, using multivariate logistic regression models, among adults (n 1437) aged ≥20 years in rural Haryana and urban Delhi, North India
| Perceived importance to reduce dietary salt consumption | Take action (self-reported) to reduce dietary salt consumption | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | Adjusted OR† | 95 % CI | % | Adjusted OR† | 95 % CI | |
| Age group | ||||||
| 20–39 years | 45·4 | 1·00 | Ref. | 4·5 | 1·00 | Ref. |
| 40–59 years | 48·8 | 1·01 | 0·77, 1·31 | 9·4 | 1·51 | 0·83, 2·74 |
| ≥60 years | 47·1 | 0·86 | 0·61, 1·20 | 11·6 | 1·81 | 0·90, 3·62 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 51·8 | 1·00 | Ref. | 8·5 | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Women | 43·2 | 0·68** | 0·53, 0·88 | 7·5 | 0·85 | 0·53, 1·39 |
| Type of residence | ||||||
| Urban | 47·3 | 1·00 | Ref. | 11·1 | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Rural | 46·9 | 1·39* | 1·08, 1·79 | 3·7 | 0·35*** | 0·19, 0·65 |
| Mean years of education | 7·7 | 0·98 | 0·96, 1·01 | 9·1 | 0·98 | 0·93, 1·03 |
| BMI category | ||||||
| <25·0 kg/m2 | 45·2 | 1·00 | Ref. | 6·3 | 1·00 | Ref. |
| ≥25·0 kg/m2 | 50·4 | 1·16 | 0·90, 1·49 | 10·0 | 0·91 | 0·54, 1·54 |
| Blood pressure status | ||||||
| Normal | 43·0 | 1·00 | Ref. | 4·5 | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Known hypertension | 56·5 | 1·45 | 0·88, 2·39 | 21·5 | 3·91*** | 1·74, 8·77 |
| New hypertension | 48·7 | 1·15 | 0·83, 1·60 | 5·1 | 1·02 | 0·48, 2·17 |
| Pre-hypertension | 46·7 | 0·94 | 0·70, 1·25 | 8·1 | 1·35 | 0·70, 2·60 |
| Knows what hypertension is | ||||||
| No | 35·1 | 1·00 | Ref. | 2·1 | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Yes | 63·1 | 0·72 | 0·42, 1·24 | 15·7 | 0·71 | 0·21, 2·41 |
| Knows the daily limit of salt intake | ||||||
| No | 42·8 | 1·00 | Ref. | 5·9 | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Yes | 67·1 | 1·83*** | 1·32, 2·53 | 17·7 | 2·63*** | 1·52, 4·57 |
| Knows that excess salt increases blood pressure | ||||||
| No | 35·2 | 1·00 | Ref. | 2·5 | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Yes | 69·0 | 5·57*** | 3·29, 9·43 | 18·1 | 8·37*** | 2·68, 26·2 |
| Self-reported excess consumption of salt | ||||||
| No | 46·8 | 1·00 | Ref. | 8·2 | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Yes | 49·7 | 1·03 | 0·69, 1·51 | 5·6 | 0·96 | 0·41, 2·27 |
Ref., reference category.
*P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001.
†
Adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, residence (rural/urban) and education), BMI, blood pressure status and participants’ knowledge (of hypertension, salt limits and the relationship between salt and hypertension).