Table 2.
Food consumption (g/d) according to the proportion of ultra-processed food (UPFp) in the diet of adults from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (n 74 470)
| UPFp in the diet | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||||||
| <0·11 | 0·11–0·16 | 0·16–0·23 | ≥0·23 | ||||||
| Food group | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P for trend |
| Fruits and vegetables | 507·8 | 255·7 | 440·4 | 216·4 | 401·2 | 205·9 | 327·4 | 200·3 | <0·0001 |
| Fruits | 251·9 | 181·5 | 208·7 | 149·5 | 181·1 | 136·7 | 138·5 | 126·7 | <0·0001 |
| Vegetables | 255·9 | 135·2 | 231·7 | 120·6 | 220·1 | 118·4 | 188·9 | 118·0 | <0·0001 |
| Meat, fish and eggs | 146·1 | 75·1 | 139·5 | 70·0 | 133·0 | 69·2 | 124·6 | 70·0 | <0·0001 |
| Meat and poultry | 82·9 | 58·3 | 83·9 | 56·4 | 82·5 | 56·7 | 82·7 | 58·5 | <0·0001 |
| Fish and seafood | 47·3 | 48·8 | 41·4 | 43·8 | 37·1 | 41·9 | 29·8 | 37·3 | <0·0001 |
| Eggs | 15·9 | 23·7 | 14·3 | 21·8 | 13·4 | 20·9 | 12·0 | 19·8 | <0·0001 |
| Processed meat | 17·7 | 23·9 | 22·7 | 28·2 | 24·9 | 30·5 | 26·5 | 32·7 | <0·0001 |
| Fats | 24·9 | 16·8 | 25·7 | 16·9 | 26·1 | 17·2 | 25·2 | 17·6 | 0·06 |
| Sugary products | 94·2 | 68·7 | 125·9 | 79·1 | 143·3 | 89·1 | 162·8 | 101·8 | <0·0001 |
| Dried fruit | 3·0 | 10·9 | 2·6 | 8·6 | 2·3 | 7·9 | 1·8 | 7·3 | <0·0001 |
| Biscuits and cakes | 38·4 | 45·5 | 49·6 | 50·2 | 54·8 | 54·1 | 60·2 | 56·9 | <0·0001 |
| Confectionery, chocolate, dairy desserts and other sugary products | 52·8 | 47·8 | 73·7 | 58·8 | 86·2 | 67·6 | 100·9 | 81·2 | <0·0001 |
| Salty snacks | 13·9 | 20·4 | 15·6 | 20·0 | 16·4 | 20·5 | 17·5 | 22·4 | <0·0001 |
| Dairy products | 211·0 | 162·7 | 204·7 | 152·7 | 199·7 | 153·7 | 189·2 | 154·4 | <0·0001 |
| Cheese | 36·8 | 30·8 | 37·4 | 29·8 | 37·3 | 29·7 | 36·0 | 30·1 | <0·0001 |
| Milk | 77·8 | 129·3 | 81·4 | 125·2 | 84·4 | 126·5 | 85·5 | 123·7 | 0·002 |
| Yoghurt and cottage cheese | 96·4 | 99·6 | 85·8 | 89·5 | 78·0 | 87·6 | 67·7 | 89·0 | <0·0001 |
| Starchy foods | 246·5 | 115·5 | 249·2 | 108·4 | 247·9 | 108·1 | 241·3 | 105·9 | <0·0001 |
| Whole grains | 42·0 | 55·9 | 36·8 | 49·9 | 33·7 | 48·8 | 28·1 | 44·9 | <0·0001 |
| Pasta, rice and bread | 142·7 | 94·1 | 146·5 | 89·5 | 146·1 | 88·3 | 143·4 | 84·9 | <0·0001 |
| Potatoes and tubers | 57·1 | 59·6 | 59·5 | 58·3 | 60·5 | 57·1 | 60·9 | 57·0 | 0·013 |
| Breakfast cereals | 4·7 | 14·0 | 6·4 | 16·3 | 7·5 | 17·7 | 8·9 | 20·0 | <0·0001 |
| Beverages | 1556·5 | 651·9 | 1398·1 | 559·2 | 1262·3 | 513·5 | 1093·5 | 493·7 | <0·0001 |
| Alcoholic beverages | 114·5 | 177·3 | 110·3 | 166·8 | 97·6 | 151·5 | 77·0 | 137·1 | <0·0001 |
| Light sodas | 0·2 | 4·3 | 0·4 | 7·1 | 0·8 | 11·2 | 2·5 | 24·7 | <0·0001 |
| Tea, coffee and water | 1379·8 | 635·8 | 1201·0 | 531·3 | 1050·1 | 469·3 | 788·4 | 428·7 | <0·0001 |
| Vegetable milk | 2·5 | 16·1 | 6·9 | 31·7 | 15·1 | 56·9 | 55·1 | 160·5 | <0·0001 |
| Soft drinks | 10·8 | 38·5 | 21·7 | 50·1 | 38·5 | 71·2 | 109·4 | 175·3 | <0·0001 |
| Fruit and vegetable juice | 48·6 | 79·4 | 57·7 | 85·7 | 60·2 | 86·5 | 61·1 | 90·9 | <0·0001 |
| Other | 39·6 | 38·4 | 54·8 | 49·6 | 67·1 | 60·5 | 72·3 | 71·9 | <0·0001 |
Adjusted for sex, age, educational level, income, marital status, smoking status, BMI classification and energy intake. P values for trend obtained with multivariable linear regression using quartiles as continuous variables.