Table 5.

Multivariate models for predictors of stunting (HAZ≤−2) among the study population of children aged 6–36 months (n 516) residing in five low-SES peri-urban neighbourhoods near Quito, Ecuador, June–July 2003

	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis			Cluster effects analysis
	n	OR	95 % CI	n	OR	95 % CI	n	OR	95 % CI
25(OH)D cut-off
≥42·5 nmol/l	420	Reference		420	Reference		420	Reference
<42·5 nmol/l	96	2·7	1·6, 4·6	96	2·8	1·6, 4·7	96	2·8	1·6, 4·8
Age
6–12 months	134	Reference		134	Reference		134	Reference
>12 months	382	0·89	0·59, 1·3	382	0·87	0·57, 1·3	382	0·90	0·58, 1·4
Sex
Female	255	Reference		255	Reference		255	Reference
Male	261	1·6	1·1, 2·2	261	1·6	1·1, 2·3	261	1·6	1·1, 2·3

HAZ, height-for-age Z-score; SES, socio-economic status; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

Unadjusted model: HAZ (≤−2 v. >−2)=vitamin D status (<42·5 v. ≥42·5 nmol/l).

Multivariate model: adjusted for age (dichotomous) and sex.