Table 4.
Salt intake (mean and sd; g/d) according to disease-related variables, and correlation of blood pressure and anthropometric variables with salt intake measures, in the study population of adults and older people (n 517) aged 20–80 years, Artur Nogueira, São Paulo, Brazil, June–September 2016
| Total reported salt intake (n 319) | 24 h urinary Na excretion (n 517) | 24 h dietary recall (n 319) | Na-FFQ (n 517) | SSQ (n 517) | DSQ (n 517) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 11·9 | 6·8 | 11·5* | 5·0 | 3·1* | 3·0 | 1·0* | 0·9 | 1·0 | 2·2 | 7·2 | 6·1 |
| No | 10·7 | 5·7 | 10·3* | 4·4 | 2·8* | 2·6 | 0·7* | 1·1 | 0·7 | 1·2 | 6·7 | 5·0 |
| Diabetes | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 10·8 | 5·6 | 10·9 | 4·9 | 2·6 | 2·2 | 0·6* | 0·6 | 0·7 | 1·3 | 8·2* | 6·5 |
| No | 12·0 | 5·9 | 10·5 | 4·5 | 2·9 | 2·6 | 0·8* | 1·1 | 0·7 | 1·5 | 6·5* | 5·0 |
| Hypertension | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 10·6 | 5·1 | 10·7 | 4·5 | 2·7* | 3·1 | 0·6* | 0·7 | 0·7 | 1·3 | 7·7* | 6·2 |
| No | 11·4 | 6·9 | 10·4 | 4·5 | 3·0* | 2·0 | 0·9* | 1·2 | 0·8 | 1·6 | 6·0* | 4·3 |
| r | P value | r | P value | r | P value | r | P value | r | P value | r | P value | |
| Systolic blood pressure | ||||||||||||
| Total sample | 0·028 | 0·617 | 0·056 | 0·203 | −0·154 | 0·005 | −0·132 | 0·002 | −0·030 | 0·496 | 0·115 | 0·008 |
| Normotensive | −0·046 | 0·603 | 0·014 | 0·839 | −0·143 | 0·103 | 0·029 | 0·658 | 0·051 | 0·443 | 0·004 | 0·955 |
| Hypertensive | 0·043 | 0·554 | 0·074 | 0·214 | −0·056 | 0·446 | −0·085 | 0·152 | −0·078 | 0·189 | 0·088 | 0·135 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | ||||||||||||
| Total sample | 0·080 | 0·617 | 0·086 | 0·051 | 0·007 | 0·889 | 0·041 | 0·349 | 0·028 | 0·524 | 0·086 | 0·049 |
| Normotensive | 0·029 | 0·738 | 0·115 | 0·083 | 0·094 | 0·286 | 0·178 | 0·007 | 0·103 | 0·120 | −0·030 | 0·649 |
| Hypertensive | 0·101 | 0·167 | 0·041 | 0·486 | −0·001 | 0·994 | 0·037 | 0·531 | −0·006 | 0·917 | 0·105 | 0·077 |
| Waist circumference | ||||||||||||
| Male | 0·111 | 0·201 | 0·226 | 0·001 | 0·114 | 0·189 | 0·155 | 0·023 | 0·027 | 0·699 | 0·089 | 0·193 |
| Female | 0·119 | 0·106 | 0·166 | 0·004 | −0·205 | 0·005 | −0·016 | 0·779 | 0·044 | 0·447 | 0·159 | 0·006 |
| BMI | 0·070 | 0·210 | 0·155 | <0·001 | −0·028 | 0·610 | 0·071 | 0·105 | 0·032 | 0·455 | 0·083 | 0·058 |
Na-FFQ, sodium FFQ; DSQ, discretionary-salt questionnaire; SSQ, seasoned-salt questionnaire, r, Spearman’s correlation coefficient.
*
P<0·05 (Mann-Whitney U test).