Table 3.
Prevalence and temporal trend (2005–2015) of anaemia in children aged 6–60 months, according to demographic, socio-economic, environmental and health characteristics, Alagoas State, Northeast Brazil
| Anaemia (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | 2005 (n 666) | 2015 (n 782) | PR† | 95 % CI | PR‡ | 95 % CI | Adjusted PR‡ | 95 % CI |
| Age of child (months) | ||||||||
| ≤24 | 67·2 | 40·7* | 0·61 | 0·52, 0·71 | 2·11 | 1·68, 2·65 | 1·97 | 1·54, 2·51 |
| >24 | 27·0 | 19·3 | 0·72 | 0·56, 0·92 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Sex of child | ||||||||
| Male | 45·4 | 26·0 | 0·57 | 0·47, 0·70 | 0·90 | 0·72, 1·14 | ||
| Female | 44·7 | 28·7 | 0·64 | 0·53, 0·78 | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
| Age of mother (years) | ||||||||
| ≤20 | 57·4 | 30·6 | 0·53 | 0·34, 0·84 | 1·21 | 0·78, 1·88 | ||
| >20 | 43·9 | 25·3 | 0·58 | 0·49, 0·68 | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
| Age of the first maternal pregnancy (years) | ||||||||
| ≤20 | 49·6 | 27·3** | 0·55 | 0·46, 0·66 | 1·21 | 0·92, 1·59 | ||
| >20 | 38·7 | 22·6 | 0·58 | 0·44, 0·78 | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
| Origin of water used to drink | ||||||||
| Inadequate (river, well, rain, etc.) | 49·3 | 37·7* | 0·76 | 0·61, 0·94 | 1·68 | 1·34, 2·11 | 1·54 | 1·21, 1·98 |
| Adequate (public network or bottled water) | 43·2 | 22·4 | 0·52 | 0·43, 0·63 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Number of rooms in the house | ||||||||
| ≤4 | 51·1 | 31·8** | 0·62 | 0·48, 0·81 | 1·21 | 0·93, 1·58 | ||
| >4 | 41·0 | 26·2 | 0·64 | 0·54, 0·76 | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
| Number of rooms used to sleep | ||||||||
| ≤2 | 46·2 | 28·8** | 0·62 | 0·53, 0·73 | 1·20 | 0·92, 1·55 | ||
| >2 | 42·0 | 24·1 | 0·57 | 0·43, 0·76 | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
| Possession of durable consumer goods (television, car, washing machine or refrigerator) | ||||||||
| ≤2 | 45·9 | 30·3* | 0·66 | 0·56, 0·78 | 1·28 | 1·01, 1·62 | ||
| >2 | 39·1 | 23·7 | 0·61 | 0·44, 0·84 | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
| Place of residence | ||||||||
| Rural | 56·2 | 33·3* | 0·59 | 0·47, 0·74 | 1·33 | 1·05, 1·68 | ||
| Urban | 40·3 | 25·0 | 0·62 | 0·52, 0·75 | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
| Per capita income§ | ||||||||
| ≤$US 57/month | 45·8 | 30·7 | 0·67 | 0·53, 0·84 | 1·18 | 0·91, 1·52 | ||
| >$US 57/month | 40·1 | 26·0 | 0·65 | 0·51, 0·83 | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
| Maternal education (number of years of study) | ||||||||
| ≤8 | 49·7 | 30·7* | 0·62 | 0·52, 0·73 | 1·54 | 1·19, 2·01 | 1·34 | 1·02, 1·75 |
| >8 | 35·6 | 19·9 | 0·56 | 0·41, 0·76 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Family size (number of people) | ||||||||
| >4 | 44·3 | 29·1 | 0·66 | 0·54, 0·81 | 1·12 | 0·89, 1·40 | ||
| ≤4 | 46·0 | 26·1 | 0·57 | 0·46, 0·69 | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
| Family using a government assistance programme | ||||||||
| Yes | 52·1 | 28·4 | 0·55 | 0·45, 0·66 | 1·12 | 0·88, 1·44 | ||
| No | 42·0 | 25·3 | 0·60 | 0·48, 0·76 | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
| Child with diarrhoea║ | ||||||||
| Yes | 54·6 | 36·2* | 0·66 | 0·52, 0·85 | 1·46 | 1·14, 1·86 | ||
| No | 42·2 | 24·8 | 0·59 | 0·50, 0·47 | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
PR, prevalence ratio; Ref. reference category.
Prevalence of anaemia between the two categories in 2015 was significantly different (P<0·05; χ 2 test).
Prevalence of anaemia between the two categories in 2015 showed a significance level greater than 5·0 % but less than 20·0 % (0·05<P<0·2).
Comparison of the prevalence in 2015 v. 2005, in the respective category of the independent variable.
Comparison of the prevalence in 2015 in the respective category of the independent variable v. the prevalence in 2015 in the other category of the independent variable, as reference. All variables that presented *P<0·05 or **P ≥0·05 to <0·2 were included in the multivariate Poisson regression model. However, the variables with a lower level of significance were successively excluded (backward stepwise elimination), so that, in the final model, only those with P<0·05 remained (adjusted PR).
$US 1·00=R$2·25 in January 2006 (survey in 2005); $US 1·00=R$2·63 in January 2015 (survey in 2015).
Diarrhoea on the same day or up to 15 d before the interview.