Table 3.
Regression models of the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (pBMI) and maternal folate, ferritin, iron and vitamin B12 concentration in early pregnancy among women with singleton pregnancies without diabetes (n 4243), the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) study, the Netherlands, 2003–2004
| Maternal nutrient status | Odds for deficiency | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||||
| Nutrient | pBMI category | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI |
| Folate (nmol/l) | Underweight | −1·0 | −2·8, 0·8 | 0·8 | −0·9, 2·5 | 1·33 | 0·79, 2·24 | 0·86 | 0·49, 1·49 |
| Normal weight | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | 1·00 | Reference | 1·00 | Reference | |
| Overweight | −3·3*** | −4·3, −2·3 | −1·2* | −2·2, −0·2 | 1·91*** | 1·45, 2·50 | 1·38* | 1·03, 1·85 | |
| Obese | −5·7*** | −7·4, −4·0 | −2·3** | −4·0, −0·7 | 3·44*** | 2·38, 4·98 | 2·03** | 1·35, 3·06 | |
| Log(ferritin (μg/l))† | Underweight | −0·10 | −0·21, 0·02 | −0·02 | −0·13, 0·09 | 1·43 | 0·92, 2·21 | 1·14 | 0·72, 1·80 |
| Normal weight | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | 1·00 | Reference | 1·00 | Reference | |
| Overweight | −0·11** | −0·18, −0·05 | 0·02 | −0·04, 0·09 | 1·38* | 1·07, 1·78 | 0·96 | 0·73, 1·27 | |
| Obese | −0·00 | −0·11, 0·12 | 0·17** | 0·06, 0·28 | 1·52 | 1·00, 2·30 | 0·96 | 0·62, 1·51 | |
| Fe (μmol/l) | Underweight | −0·8 | −1·9, 0·3 | −0·2 | −1·0, 1·1 | 2·02* | 1·17, 3·47 | 1·53 | 0·86, 2·71 |
| Normal weight | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | 1·00 | Reference | 1·00 | Reference | |
| Overweight | −2·8*** | −3·4, −2·2 | −1·7*** | −2·3, −1·1 | 1·93*** | 1·38, 2·68 | 1·45* | 1·02, 2·07 | |
| Obese | −5·1*** | −6·1, −4·1 | −3·6*** | −4·7, −2·6 | 5·03*** | 3·38, 7·48 | 3·26*** | 2·09, 5·08 | |
| Log(vitamin B12 (pg/ml))† | Underweight | −0·02 | −0·07, 0·03 | 0·00 | −0·05, 0·05 | 1·42 | 0·95, 2·12 | 1·18 | 0·77, 1·79 |
| Normal weight | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | 1·00 | Reference | 1·00 | Reference | |
| Overweight | −0·04** | −0·07, −0·01 | −0·06*** | −0·09, −0·03 | 1·40** | 1·11, 1·77 | 1·38* | 1·08, 1·77 | |
| Obese | −0·12*** | −0·17, −0·07 | −0·16*** | −0·21, −0·11 | 2·20*** | 1·56, 3·11 | 2·05*** | 1·41, 2·99 | |
Model 1: standardized for gestational age at blood sampling moment; Model 2: model 1 and additionally adjusted for maternal age, education, parity, smoking during pregnancy, alcohol use during pregnancy, nausea during pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy and ethnicity.
*P<0·05, **P<0·01, ***P<0·001.
†
Log transformation was performed because of skewed distribution of the variables.