Table 3.
Maternal, infant and young child nutrition-related knowledge and practices, in intervention and comparison groups, from baseline to endline: mothers of children aged 6–23·9 months (n 1890) in rural, disadvantaged villages in three districts of Nepal, April–May 2014 (baseline) and May–June 2015 (endline)
| Comparison (C) | PF intervention (I) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n 945) | Endline (n 945) | Difference (n 945) | Baseline (n 945) | Endline (n 945) | Difference (n 945) | Simple model | Full model | |
| Characteristic | % or mean, se | % or mean, se | % or mean, se | % or mean, se | % or mean, se | % or mean, se | DID | DID |
| Child nutrition knowledge | ||||||||
| Know baby should be given only breast milk for 6 months | 81·5 | 94·0 | 12·5 | 81·6 | 98·0 | 16·4 | 0··340 | 0·354 |
| Know animal-source foods are good for children aged 6–23·9 months | 87·4 | 95·0 | 7·6 | 89·2 | 97·0 | 7·8 | 0·938 | 0·962 |
| Know fruits and vegetables are good for children aged 6–23·9 months | 74·5 | 73·8 | −0·7 | 73·5 | 84·1 | 10·6 | 0·029* | 0·026* |
| Maternal nutrition knowledge | ||||||||
| Know pregnant women should eat one extra meal | 42·9 | 65·5 | 22·6 | 45·9 | 59·3 | 13·4 | 0·189 | 0·084 |
| Know pregnant women should take iron and folic acid for 180 d | 50·1 | 51·5 | 1·4 | 50·6 | 66·3 | 15·7 | 0·094 | 0·174 |
| Know lactating women should eat two extra meals | 69·9 | 76·8 | 6·9 | 75·5 | 88·2 | 12·7 | 0·372 | 0·136 |
| Child nutrition practices | ||||||||
| Fed colostrum, among 6–11-month-olds (all, n 1357; C, n 675; I, n 682) | 96·4 | 96·8 | 0·4 | 95·9 | 97·3 | 1·4 | 0·653 | 0·735 |
| Breast-fed within 1 h of birth, among 6–11-month-olds (all, n 1357; C, n 675; I, n 682) | 68·1 | 66·8 | −1·3 | 67·8 | 77·3 | 9·5 | 0·191 | 0·205 |
| Dietary diversity (range: 0–7 food groups), among 7–23-month-olds (all, n 3532; C, n 1784; I, n 1748), mean | 3·2 | 3·4 | 0·2 | 3·1 | 3·5 | 0·4 | 0·057 | 0·015* |
| se | 1·2 | 1·2 | 0·0 | 1·1 | 1·1 | 0·0 | ||
| Minimum dietary diversity (≥4 food groups), among 7–23-month-olds (all, n 3532; C, n 1784; I, n 1748) | 38·9 | 45·8 | 6·9 | 32·7 | 48·7 | 16·0 | 0·057 | 0·021* |
| Maternal nutrition practices | ||||||||
| Dietary diversity (range: 0–9 food groups), mean | 3·5 | 3·6 | 0·1 | 3·3 | 3·7 | 0·4 | 0·008** | 0·007** |
| se | 1·3 | 1·1 | −0·2 | 1·1 | 1·2 | 0·1 | ||
| Minimum dietary diversity (≥4 food groups) | 45·0 | 48·6 | 3·6 | 39·1 | 53·1 | 14·0 | 0·029* | 0·026* |
| Consumed one extra meal during pregnancy, among 6–11-month-olds (all, n 1357; C, n 675; I, n 682) | 39·1 | 47·1 | 8·0 | 42·0 | 56·7 | 14·7 | 0·404 | 0·419 |
| Consumed two extra meals during lactation, among 6–11-month-olds (all, n 1357; C, n 675; I, n 682) | 42·7 | 30·0 | −12·7 | 43·2 | 44·1 | 0·9 | 0·156 | 0·181 |
| Antenatal care visits (≥4 times), among 6–11-month-olds (all, n 1357; C, n 675; I, n 682) | 36·1 | 47·7 | 11·6 | 35·0 | 53·4 | 18·4 | 0·245 | 0·268 |
| Postnatal care visits (≥3 times), among 6–11-month-olds (all, n 1357; C, n 675; I, n 682) | 5·4 | 12·9 | 7·6 | 4·1 | 14·0 | 9·9 | 0·584 | 0·520 |
| Took iron and folic acid for at least 180 d during pregnancy, among 6–11-month-olds (all, n 1357; C, n 675; I, n 682) | 36·1 | 46·5 | 10·4 | 39·4 | 60·3 | 20·9 | 0·175 | 0·215 |
| Took iron and folic acid for at least 45 d during lactation, among 6–11-month-olds (all, n 1357; C, n 675; I, n 682) | 26·6 | 34·4 | 7·8 | 26·8 | 42·5 | 15·7 | 0·284 | 0·373 |
PF, peer facilitator.; DID, difference in difference.
Simple model controlled for ward-level clustering. Full model controlled for child’s age, maternal age, education, household ownership of assets, caste, agroecological zone of residency and ward-level clustering.
*P<0·05, **P<0·01.