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. 2023 Jun 12;14:3465. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39180-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Transmission spectrum of a balanced MZI with phase error due to fabrication imperfections. The red (green) line represents bar (cross) transmission. Light transmits mostly from the bar port instead of the ideal cross port. b Transmission spectrum after the correction with 8.8 V, 150 ns, 232 nJ pulses. The device is in a “cross state” with a high extinction ratio of ~24 dB, indicating a phase-error-free device. c Time trace measurement for three experiments shows the phase error correction step. The RESET pulses are sent at a one-second interval. As more pulses were sent in, the bar transmission continuously decreased until it reached a minimum of ~−24 dB (red arrow), and then it went up. In all the experiments, the optimal error correction was obtained. The slight volatile increase (only visible when transmission is <−12 dB) after each amorphization pulse happens over a much longer timescale than 10 µs thermal relaxation time and could be attributed to a weak persistent photocurrent effect and requires more study. However, the transmission stabilizes before the next pulse. The blue (orange) represents bar- (cross-) transmission.