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. 2023 Jun 12;13:9529. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-36618-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

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Levels of TCA cycle intermediates in hybrid combinations. Asterisks mean a significant difference by multiple t-tests (FDR < 0.05), increased/decreased metabolites compared with both parents. Differences in red/green colors exhibit the log₂ fold change (up/down) normalized to MPV (MPV: control = 0 in log₂ fold change). Red/green words mean the name of high/low-biomass heterosis.