Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Jun 12;13:9515. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-36245-7

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Formalin triggers LCN2-positive neutrophils infiltration in the pia layer of spinal meninges, preferentially in males. (a) RT-qPCR analysis of Lcn2 expression levels in the ipsilateral DHSC of naïve males (n = 3) and free-cycling females (n = 3) and formalin-injected males (n = 8) and free-cycling females (n = 12). Data are presented as mean of relative expression normalized to β-actin and expressed in arbitrary units (a.u) ± SEM. (**p < 0.01). (b) Whole-mount immunostaining on L3-L5 segments of the DHSC with anti-CD31 (red) and anti-LCN2 (green) antibodies, of naïve and formalin-injected males and free-cycling females. The tissue is oriented to allow visualization of the dorsal pia mater. Representative of 2 to 3 independent experiments. Scale bars: 100 µm. (c) Fold change between formalin and naive conditions of the percentages of CD45⁺LCN2⁺ cells in the pia and dura maters and in the ipsilateral SC in males and in free-cycling females, naïve and 2H after formalin injection. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM calculated from 3 to 6 independent samples. (*p < 0.05). (d) Flow cytometry analysis of CD45⁺LCN2⁺ cells in the pia mater of naive and formalin-injected males and free-cycling females. From left to right are shown: the percentages of CD45⁺ LCN2⁺ cells within live CD45⁺ cells, the percentages of Ly6C⁺Ly6G⁺ (LCN2⁺ neutrophils) and Ly6C⁺Ly6G^- (LCN2⁺ monocytes) in the CD45⁺LCN2⁺CD11b⁺CD3^- gate. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.