Table 6.
Summary of dietary recalls: instrument purpose and characteristics
| Study | Population | Purpose | Method of adminsitration | Structure | Prompts | Portion estimation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults | ||||||
| EPIC( 28 , 63 ) | Adults 30–70 years | Provide comparable food consumption data between several European countries | EPIC-SOFT 1× 24-HDR Computerised, face-to-face interview | 1. ‘Quick list’ chronological entry of all foods and recipes consumed during day 2. Foods are entered per meal 3. Each ‘quick list’ item is described and quantified | Yes. Program mediated Checklist of foods easily forgotten is displayed on screen | Estimated Six quantification methods including photos (2–6 portion sizes), shapes, household measurements, standard units, standard portions, volume method and ‘unknown’ method |
| Baltic project( 55 ) | Adults 19–65 years | Assess macronutrient and diet intakes including F&V consumption | 1×24-HDR Interview-administered | Not indicated | NR | Estimated Household measures and photographs and/or drawings of commonly used foods |
| Van Diepen et al. ( 107 ) | Adults Age range NR | Assess and compare Mediterranean diet adherence | Two consecutive 24-HDR Mode NR | NR | NR | NR |
| LiVicordia( 77 ) | Adults/men 50 years old | Assess and compare mean estimates of food intake | 1×24-HDR Face-to-face interview | Open-ended Used a checklist for ‘Between meals’ consumption which included ‘Fruit (apples, bananas)’ | Yes | Estimated Household measures; 1, 5, 15 and 100 ml; a ruler; packages of butter and margarine 5 and 10 g; and glass with 150 ml water |
| I.Family Project( 50 , 74 ) SACANA | Adults/parents No age range determined | Identify determinants of food choice, lifestyle and health | 1×24-HDR Computerised, self-admin. | Meal occasions, one breakfast, one lunch, one dinner; snacks and drinks as needed | Yes. Program mediated | Accurate portion size in g or ml and graphical images and photos |
| Pro-Children( 42 , 86 , 87 , 136 )*/PRO GREENS( 85 ) | Adults/parents | Assess F&V consumption and determinants of F&V consumption patterns | 1×24-HDR Self-admin. | 6 time intervals ‘Did you eat or drink anything yesterday morning? (yes/no)’. ‘What was it?’ Pre-coded with some fruit and vegetables items and asked e.g. ‘Did you eat fruit yesterday morning?’ | NR | Estimated Photos, 3 portion sizes (for salad, for cooked vegetables and for fruit salad) Asked to report amounts in terms of the number of pieces, slices or portions eaten, e.g. number of pieces of fruit |
| Adolescents | ||||||
| HELENA( 34 , 35 ) | Adolescents 13–17 years | Assess food and nutrient intake | HELENA-DIAT Two non-consecutive 24-HDR (within 2 weeks) Computerised, self-admin. | 6 meal occasions | Yes. Program mediated Checked entries for occurrence of fruit, vegetables and sweets and asked ‘if really not consumed’ Probed for foods commonly eaten in conjunction with others | Estimated Photos Several measurement units (e.g. spoon, can, glass, grams, etc.) used and, if suitable, more than one measurement unit is present for the same food item |
| Children | ||||||
| EYHS( 30 117 ) (Based on copy of Danish ‘Kostkema’, i.e. may not be same as Swedish 24-HDR) | Children 9 and 15 years | Examine personal, environmental, and lifestyle influences on cardiovascular risk factors Examine changes in diet intake over time( 117 ) | 1×24-HDR Face-to-face interview | 24-HDR preceded by a 1 d qualitative, parent-assisted food record the previous day 24-HDR food checklist and recorded the type, description of food and location where eaten | Yes, during interview | Estimated Different-sized drinking glasses, plates, spoons and food pictures of most common foods and food groups in different portion sizes were used to estimate food quantities |
| IDEFICS( 37 , 119 , 135 ) | Children 2–9 years (parents or guardians as proxies) | Determine the aetiology of overweight, obesity and related disorder | SACINA 1×24-HDR Computerised, face-to-face interview Hungary: self-admin. 24-HDR at home | 6 meal occasions | Yes. Program mediated | Estimated Photos |
| Pro-Children( 42 , 86 , 87 , 136 )/PRO GREENS( 85 ) | Children 11 years | Assess F&V consumption and determinants of F&V consumption patterns | 1×24-HDR Self-admin. | 6 time intervals ‘Did you eat or drink anything yesterday morning? (yes/no)’. ‘What was it?’ Pre-coded with some fruit and vegetables items and asked e.g. ‘Did you eat fruit yesterday morning?’ | NR | Estimated Photos, three portion sizes (for salad, for cooked vegetables and for fruit salad) Asked to report amounts in terms of the number of pieces, slices or portions eaten, e.g. number of pieces of fruit |
| I.Family Project( 50 , 74 ) | Children and adolescents 8 years or older | Identify determinants of food choice and lifestyle | SACANA 1×24-HDR Computerised, self-admin. | Meal occasions, one breakfast, one lunch, one dinner; snacks and drinks as needed | Yes. Program mediated | Accurate portion size in g or ml and graphical images and photos |
EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; HELENA, Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence; EYHS, European Youth Heart Study; 24-HDR, 24 h recall; IDEFICS, Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS; NR, not reported; F&V, fruit and vegetables; self-admin., self-administered.
*
Original instrument obtained for review.