Table 4.
Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for components of the metabolic syndrome* across quartile of dietary energy density among female nurses (n 1036) aged >30 years, Isfahan, Iran
| Quartile of dietary energy density | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 3 | 4 (highest) | ||||||
| 1 (lowest) | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | P for trend† | |
| n | 254 | 257 | 251 | 253 | ||||
| Abdominal adiposity | ||||||||
| Crude | 1·00 | 1·17 | 0·75, 1·95 | 1·45 | 0·85, 1·92 | 1·76 | 1·02, 2·91 | <0·001 |
| Model I‡ | 1·00 | 1·14 | 0·71, 1·84 | 1·41 | 0·87, 1·90 | 1·69 | 1·05, 2·81 | |
| Model II§ | 1·00 | 1·09 | 0·68, 1·89 | 1·35 | 0·82, 1·81 | 1·60 | 1·03, 2·74 | |
| Model III|| | 1·00 | 1·01 | 0·61, 1·80 | 1·28 | 0·77, 1·83 | 1·51 | 1·00, 2·63 | |
| Elevated blood pressure | ||||||||
| Crude | 1·00 | 1·06 | 0·69, 1·45 | 1·22 | 0·73, 1·85 | 1·42 | 0·91, 1·99 | <0·001 |
| Model I | 1·00 | 1·03 | 0·61, 1·41 | 1·19 | 0·71, 1·80 | 1·37 | 0·89, 1·95 | |
| Model II | 1·00 | 0·98 | 0·62, 1·44 | 1·12 | 0·65, 1·81 | 1·34 | 0·86, 1·91 | |
| Model III | 1·00 | 0·94 | 0·58, 1·38 | 1·12 | 0·67, 1·75 | 1·20 | 0·80, 1·84 | |
| High serum TAG | ||||||||
| Crude | 1·00 | 1·45 | 0·97, 2·22 | 2·26 | 1·17, 2·97 | 3·25 | 1·67, 4·20 | <0·001 |
| Model I | 1·00 | 1·40 | 0·92, 1·20 | 2·20 | 1·15, 2·94 | 3·19 | 1·68, 4·09 | |
| Model II | 1·00 | 1·37 | 0·94, 1·17 | 2·12 | 1·10, 2·90 | 3·08 | 1·64, 4·00 | |
| Model III | 1·00 | 1·24 | 0·88, 1·11 | 2·01 | 1·02, 2·81 | 2·95 | 1·58, 3·91 | |
| Low serum HDL cholesterol | ||||||||
| Crude | 1·00 | 1·29 | 1·02, 2·21 | 1·42 | 1·11, 2·31 | 1·56 | 1·25, 2·71 | <0·001 |
| Model I | 1·00 | 1·21 | 0·99, 2·17 | 1·36 | 1·08, 2·27 | 1·50 | 1·21, 2·67 | |
| Model II | 1·00 | 1·13 | 0·94, 2·11 | 1·37 | 1·05, 2·18 | 1·42 | 1·19, 2·60 | |
| Model III | 1·00 | 1·07 | 0·91, 2·04 | 1·31 | 1·07, 2·15 | 1·36 | 1·17, 2·54 | |
| Abnormal glucose homeostasis | ||||||||
| Crude | 1·00 | 1·22 | 0·59, 3·19 | 1·21 | 0·59, 3·01 | 1·41 | 0·62, 2·96 | 0·55 |
| Model I | 1·00 | 1·20 | 0·57, 3·11 | 1·19 | 0·61, 2·96 | 1·38 | 0·60, 2·90 | |
| Model II | 1·00 | 1·14 | 0·58, 3·04 | 1·15 | 0·58, 2·91 | 1·35 | 0·61, 2·85 | |
| Model III | 1·00 | 1·07 | 0·53, 2·96 | 1·06 | 0·51, 2·84 | 1·28 | 0·65, 2·78 | |
Components of the metabolic syndrome were defined as follows: abdominal adiposity (waist circumference >88 cm); low serum HDL cholesterol (<50 mg/dl); high serum TAG (≥150 mg/dl); elevated blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg); abnormal glucose homeostasis (fasting plasma glucose ≥ 110 mg/dl).
By the use of Mantel–Haenszel extension χ 2 test.
Adjusted for age.
Further adjusted for cigarette smoking, physical activity, socio-economic status, current oestrogen use, menopausal status and family history of diabetes and stroke.
Additionally adjusted for BMI.