Table 5.
Geometric means of inflammatory markers across quartile of dietary energy density among female nurses (n 1036) aged >30 years, Isfahan, Iran
| Quartile of dietary energy density | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (lowest) | 2 | 3 | 4 (highest) | ||||||
| Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | P * | |
| hs-CRP (mg/l) | |||||||||
| Crude | 1·9 | 1·8 | 2·1 | 1·8 | 2·6 | 1·9 | 3·2 | 2·0 | <0·01 |
| Model I† | 1·8 | 1·7 | 2·0 | 1·7 | 2·6 | 1·8 | 3·1 | 1·9 | <0·01 |
| Model II‡ | 1·9 | 1·5 | 1·9 | 1·5 | 2·2 | 1·7 | 2·8 | 1·8 | 0·02 |
| Model III§ | 1·7 | 1·6 | 1·7 | 1·6 | 2·0 | 1·6 | 2·4 | 1·7 | 0·04 |
| TNF-α (ng/l) | |||||||||
| Crude | 3·8 | 2·1 | 4·2 | 2·2 | 4·6 | 2·1 | 5·3 | 2·1 | <0·01 |
| Model I | 3·9 | 2·0 | 4·1 | 2·1 | 4·4 | 2·0 | 5·4 | 2·0 | <0·01 |
| Model II | 3·7 | 1·8 | 4·3 | 2·0 | 4·3 | 2·0 | 5·2 | 1·8 | 0·01 |
| Model III | 4·1 | 1·5 | 4·5 | 1·9 | 4·5 | 2·2 | 4·8 | 1·8 | 0·03 |
| IL-6 (ng/l) | |||||||||
| Crude | 1·3 | 1·0 | 1·7 | 1·5 | 2·1 | 1·9 | 2·9 | 2·1 | <0·01 |
| Model I | 1·2 | 1·0 | 1·5 | 1·5 | 2·0 | 1·8 | 2·8 | 2·0 | <0·01 |
| Model II | 1·4 | 1·1 | 1·4 | 1·6 | 1·8 | 1·8 | 2·8 | 1·8 | <0·01 |
| Model III | 1·6 | 1·2 | 1·6 | 1·4 | 1·5 | 1·7 | 2·5 | 1·7 | <0·01 |
| SAA (mg/l) | |||||||||
| Crude | 4·5 | 2·7 | 4·4 | 2·7 | 4·8 | 2·0 | 4·3 | 2·1 | 0·35 |
| Model I | 4·3 | 2·5 | 4·4 | 2·5 | 4·6 | 2·0 | 4·2 | 2·0 | 0·39 |
| Model II | 4·1 | 2·4 | 4·3 | 2·5 | 4·5 | 2·1 | 4·1 | 2·0 | 0·41 |
| Model III | 4·0 | 2·2 | 4·0 | 2·4 | 4·4 | 1·9 | 4·0 | 1·9 | 0·59 |
| IL-2 (ng/l) | |||||||||
| Crude | 1·5 | 2·1 | 1·6 | 2·1 | 1·4 | 1·8 | 1·6 | 1·5 | 0·47 |
| Model I | 1·4 | 2·0 | 1·5 | 2·1 | 1·4 | 1·7 | 1·6 | 1·4 | 0·42 |
| Model II | 1·3 | 2·0 | 1·4 | 1·9 | 1·6 | 1·6 | 1·5 | 1·4 | 0·57 |
| Model III | 1·3 | 1·8 | 1·6 | 1·8 | 1·5 | 1·6 | 1·4 | 1·3 | 0·63 |
hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; SAA, serum amyloid A.
Data are presented as geometric means with their standard errors,
*
By the use of ANOVA in crude models and ANCOVA in the adjusted models.
†
Adjusted for age.
‡
Further adjusted for cigarette smoking, physical activity, socio-economic status, current oestrogen use, menopausal status and family history of diabetes and stroke.
§
Additionally adjusted for BMI.