. 2017 Jun 5;20(12):2104–2113. doi: 10.1017/S1368980017000970

Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies

Study	Design, method	Setting	Income level	Sample characteristics	No. of participants	Sampling/recruitment	QAS (%)^*
Batnitzky (2008)⁽ ²⁸ ⁾	Qualitative, field study, semi-structured interviews, observation	Rabat, Morocco	Lower middle	Men and women, 20+ years	Not reported	Unclear – individuals then households from non-profit organization	60
Charlton et al. (2004)⁽ ²⁹ ⁾	Mixed, cross-sectional, questionnaire, focus groups	Cape Town and Pretoria, South Africa	Upper middle	Black African women, 17–50 years (questionnaire) 18–49 years (focus groups)	394 (questionnaire) and 39 (focus groups)	Convenience, according to age and sex	75
Hattingh et al. (2011, 2006, 2014)⁽ ³⁵ ^– ³⁷ ⁾	Quantitative, cross-sectional, questionnaire	Mangaung district, South Africa	Upper middle	Women, 25–44 years	488	Stratified random according to number of plots in each settlement	80
Jafri et al. (2013)⁽ ³⁰ ⁾	Quantitative, cross-sectional, questionnaire	Casablanca, Morocco	Lower middle	Women, 18+ years	401	Multistage cluster. Households randomly selected within clusters	59
Landais et al. (2011, 2013, 2012)⁽ ³¹ ^, ³² ^, ⁴⁵ ⁾	Quantitative, cross-sectional, questionnaire	Rabat-Salé, Morocco	Lower middle	Women, 20–49 years	894	Multistage cluster. Household addresses randomly selected from enumeration areas	100
Mbochi et al. (2012)⁽ ³³ ⁾	Quantitative, cross-sectional, questionnaire	Nairobi, Kenya	Lower middle	Women, 25–54 years	365	Stratified random according to number of women in each socio-economic stratum	73
Mogre et al. (2013)⁽ ³⁴ ⁾	Quantitative, cross-sectional, questionnaire	Tamale, Ghana	Lower middle	Men and women, 20–60 years	235	Stratified random based on number of employees in each department	80
Rguibi and Belahsen (2006)⁽ ³⁸ ⁾	Qualitative, cross-sectional, questionnaire via interview	Laayoune, Morocco	Lower middle	Women, 15–70 years	249	Convenience. Women visiting primary-care centres	55
Savy et al. (2008)⁽ ³⁹ ⁾ and Becquey et al. (2010)⁽ ⁴⁰ ⁾	Quantitative, cross-sectional, questionnaire	Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso	Low	Women, 29–50 years	481	Random, from a database containing an exhaustive list of inhabitants	95
Sodjinou et al. (2009, 2008)⁽ ⁴¹ ^, ⁴² ⁾	Quantitative, cross-sectional, survey/questionnaire	Cotonou, Benin	Low	Men and women, 25–60 years	200	Multistage cluster. Neighbourhoods, households, then individuals randomly selected	100
Van Zyl et al. (2010)⁽ ⁴³ ⁾	Quantitative, cross-sectional, questionnaire	Johannesburg, South Africa	Upper middle	Men and women, 19–30 years	341	Convenience. Residents of Johannesburg visiting a mall	75
Waswa (2011)⁽ ⁴⁴ ⁾	Quantitative, cross-sectional, questionnaire	Eldoret, Kenya	Lower middle	Women, 20–25 years	260	Stratified random according to university department size including each year	82

QAS, quality assessment score.