. 2017 Jun 5;20(12):2104–2113. doi: 10.1017/S1368980017000970

Table 2.

Determinants and dietary behaviours measured in the included studies

Level	Sub-level	Determinant (no. of studies)	Dietary behaviour	Evidence
Individual and	Cognitions	Taste (1)	Influence on food choice	⁽ ²⁹ ⁾
household		Lack of appetite (1)	Skipping breakfast	⁽ ³⁴ ⁾
		Not feeling hungry (1)	Skipping breakfast	⁽ ³⁴ ⁾
		Too early to eat (1)	Skipping breakfast	⁽ ³⁴ ⁾
		Hunger (1)	Adequacy of food intake	⁽ ⁴⁴ ⁾
		Mood (1)	Adequacy of food intake	⁽ ⁴⁴ ⁾
		Body image perception (1)	Adequacy of food intake	⁽ ⁴⁴ ⁾
		Perception of diet quality (1)	Dietary diversity	⁽ ³⁹ ^, ⁴⁰ ⁾
		Perception of diet quantity (1)	Dietary diversity	⁽ ³⁹ ^, ⁴⁰ ⁾
		Food knowledge (2)	Dietary diversity of fruit and vegetables	⁽ ³¹ ⁾
			Protein intake	⁽ ⁴⁴ ⁾
	Lifestyle	Skipping meals (2)	Fruit and vegetable consumption	⁽ ³² ⁾
			Energy intake	⁽ ⁴⁴ ⁾
		Lack of time (1)	Skipping breakfast	⁽ ³⁴ ⁾
		Snacking (1)	Dietary diversity	⁽ ³⁹ ^, ⁴⁰ ⁾
		Trying to eat a healthy diet (1)	Influence on food choice	⁽ ²⁹ ⁾
		Habit or routine (1)	Influence on food choice	⁽ ²⁹ ⁾
		Slimming foods (1)	Influence on food choice	⁽ ²⁹ ⁾
		Physical activity (2)	Energy intake	⁽ ³⁵ ^– ³⁷ ⁾
			Diet quality	⁽ ⁴¹ ^, ⁴² ⁾
		Eating from a shared bowl (1)	Fruit and vegetable consumption	⁽ ³² ⁾
		Smoking (1)	Diet quality	⁽ ⁴¹ ^, ⁴² ⁾
		Alcohol consumption (1)	Diet quality	⁽ ⁴¹ ^, ⁴² ⁾
		Healthier overall lifestyle (1)	Diet quality	⁽ ⁴¹ ^, ⁴² ⁾
	Biology	Age (4)	Energy intake	⁽ ³⁵ ^– ³⁷ ⁾
			Dietary diversity of fruit and vegetables	⁽ ³² ⁾
			Fruit and vegetable consumption	⁽ ³² ⁾
			Dietary diversity	⁽ ³⁹ ^, ⁴⁰ ⁾
			Fattening product consumption	⁽ ³⁰ ⁾
		Health (1)	Adequacy of food intake	⁽ ⁴⁴ ⁾
	Socio-economic status	Socio-economic status (3)	Fruit and vegetable consumption	⁽ ³¹ ^, ³² ⁾
			Fruit and vegetable diversity	⁽ ³¹ ^, ³² ⁾
			Dietary diversity	⁽ ³⁹ ^, ⁴⁰ ⁾
			Dietary intake	⁽ ³³ ⁾
		Employment (3)	Dietary diversity of fruit and vegetables	⁽ ³² ⁾
			Fruit and vegetable consumption	⁽ ³² ⁾
			Dietary diversity	⁽ ³⁹ ^, ⁴⁰ ⁾
			Fattening product consumption	⁽ ³⁰ ⁾
		Education (3)	Fattening product consumption	⁽ ³⁰ ⁾
			Dietary diversity	⁽ ³⁹ ^, ⁴⁰ ⁾
			Fruit and vegetable consumption	⁽ ³¹ ⁾
		Household food expenditure (1)	Dietary diversity	⁽ ³⁹ ^, ⁴⁰ ⁾
Social	–	Marital status (4)	Fattening product consumption	⁽ ³⁰ ⁾
			Fruit and vegetable consumption	⁽ ³² ⁾
			Dietary diversity of fruit and vegetables	⁽ ³² ⁾
			Dietary diversity	⁽ ³⁹ ^, ⁴⁰ ⁾
			Fattening practices	⁽ ³⁸ ⁾
		Household social roles (1)	Nutritional value of diet	⁽ ²⁸ ⁾
			Snacking	⁽ ²⁸ ⁾
		Household composition (1)	Food serving order	⁽ ²⁸ ⁾
			Size of piece of meat	⁽ ²⁸ ⁾
		What the rest of my family will eat (1)	Influence on food choice	⁽ ²⁹ ⁾
		Number of children (1)	Dietary diversity of fruit and vegetables	⁽ ³² ⁾
			Fruit and vegetable consumption	⁽ ³² ⁾
		Attention/support in the household (1)	Dietary diversity	⁽ ³⁹ ^, ⁴⁰ ⁾
		Parental influence (1)	Adequacy of food intake	⁽ ⁴⁴ ⁾
		Peers (1)	Adequacy of food intake	⁽ ⁴⁴ ⁾
Physical	–	Household sanitation (1)	Dietary diversity	⁽ ³⁹ ^, ⁴⁰ ⁾
		Living area (modern/medina/precarious) (1)	Fruit and vegetable consumption	⁽ ³² ⁾
		Food availability (1)	Adequacy of food intake	⁽ ⁴⁴ ⁾
		Eating outside of the home (2)	Fruit and vegetable consumption	⁽ ³² ⁾
			Dietary diversity	⁽ ³⁹ ^, ⁴⁰ ⁾
Macro	–	Cultural beliefs (2)	Adequacy of food intake	⁽ ⁴⁴ ⁾
			Fattening practices	⁽ ³⁸ ⁾
		Culture and religion (1)	Influence of food choice	⁽ ²⁹ ⁾
		Religion (3)	Skipping breakfast	⁽ ³⁴ ⁾
			Dietary diversity	⁽ ³⁹ ^, ⁴⁰ ⁾
			Adequacy of food intake	⁽ ⁴⁴ ⁾
		Food prices (2)	Influence on food choice	⁽ ²⁹ ⁾
			Adequacy of food intake	⁽ ⁴⁴ ⁾
		Quality/freshness of food (1)	Influence on food choice	⁽ ²⁹ ⁾
		Quick/easy-to-make foods (1)	Influence on food choice	⁽ ²⁹ ⁾
		Presentation/packaging (1)	Influence on food choice	⁽ ²⁹ ⁾
		Media (2)	Adequacy of food intake	⁽ ⁴⁴ ⁾
			Purchasing of fast food	⁽ ⁴³ ⁾