Table 1.
Modified Poisson regression models showing prevalence ratios (PR) and 95 % confidence intervals for hypertension (weighted estimates) by BMI category and sex among Bangladeshi adults (n 7433) aged ≥35 years, Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2011
| Males | Females | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model I | Model II | Model III | Model IV | Model I | Model II | Model III | Model IV | ||
| BMI category | |||||||||
| Normal (18·5–22·9 kg/m2) | Ref. | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 |
| Underweight | |||||||||
| <16·0 kg/m2 | PR | 0·90 | 0·72 | 0·98 | 0·79 | 0·78* | 0·71** | 0·78* | 0·72** |
| 95 % CI | 0·63, 1·29 | 0·50, 1·02 | 0·68, 1·41 | 0·55, 1·12 | 0·61, 1·01 | 0·64, 0·98 | 0·61, 0·99 | 0·56, 0·92 | |
| 16·0–16·9 kg/m2 | PR | 0·77 | 0·67* | 0·83 | 0·73* | 0·88 | 0·79* | 0·88 | 0·81* |
| 95 % CI | 0·56, 1·06 | 0·49, 0·91 | 0·61, 1·15 | 0·53, 0·99 | 0·70, 1·10 | 0·64, 0·98 | 0·71, 1·11 | 0·65, 1·01 | |
| 17·0–18·4 kg/m2 | PR | 0·60* | 0·58*** | 0·63*** | 0·62*** | 0·84 | 0·80* | 0·85 | 0·82* |
| 95 % CI | 0·47, 0·76 | 0·46, 0·74 | 0·50, 0·81 | 0·49, 0·79 | 0·71, 1·01 | 0·68, 0·95 | 0·71, 1·01 | 0·69, 0·97 | |
| Overweight | |||||||||
| 23·0–24·9 kg/m2 | PR | 1·68*** | 1·81*** | 1·47*** | 1·57*** | 1·55*** | 1·61*** | 1·51*** | 1·55*** |
| 95 % CI | 1·42, 2·00 | 1·53, 2·14 | 1·23, 1·76 | 1·32, 1·87 | 1·36, 1·78 | 1·41, 1·83 | 1·32, 1·73 | 1·35, 1·76 | |
| 25·0–29·9 kg/m2 | PR | 1·96*** | 2·16*** | 1·63*** | 1·77*** | 1·67*** | 1·76*** | 1·65*** | 1·69*** |
| 95 % CI | 1·65, 2·32 | 1·83, 2·56 | 1·37, 1·96 | 1·47, 2·11 | 1·48, 1·89 | 1·57, 1·99 | 1·46, 1·88 | 1·49, 1·91 | |
| ≥30·0 kg/m2 | PR | 2·68*** | 2·63*** | 2·12*** | 2·04*** | 2·18*** | 2·31*** | 2·16*** | 2·16*** |
| 95 % CI | 1·88, 3·82 | 1·89, 3·65 | 1·47, 3·06 | 1·45, 2·89 | 1·87, 2·56 | 1·97, 2·71 | 1·83, 2·55 | 1·82, 2·55 | |
| Age category | |||||||||
| Younger | Ref. | – | 1·00 | – | 1·00 | – | 1·00 | – | 1·00 |
| Older | PR | – | 2·12*** | – | 2·14*** | – | 1·95*** | – | 1·89*** |
| 95 % CI | – | 1·88, 2·40 | – | 1·89, 2·42 | – | 1·78, 2·12 | – | 1·72, 2·08 | |
| Residence | |||||||||
| Rural | Ref. | – | – | – | 1·00 | – | – | – | 1·00 |
| Urban | PR | – | – | – | 1·14* | – | – | – | 1·08 |
| 95 % CI | – | – | – | 0·99, 1·30 | – | – | – | 0·98, 1·19 | |
| Wealth category | |||||||||
| Poorest/poorer | Ref. | – | – | 1·00 | 1·00 | – | – | 1·00 | 1·00 |
| Middle | PR | – | – | 1·17 | 1·15 | – | – | 1·03 | 0·99 |
| 95 % CI | – | – | 0·94, 1·44 | 0·93, 1·42 | – | – | 0·89, 1·20 | 0·86, 1·15 | |
| Richer/richest | PR | – | – | 1·49*** | 1·34** | – | – | 1·31*** | 1·17* |
| 95 % CI | 1·25, 1·78 | 1·12, 1·61 | 1·16, 1·48 | 1·03, 1·32 | |||||
| Education | |||||||||
| No education | Ref. | – | 1·00 | 1·00 | – | – | 1·00 | 1·00 | – |
| Primary | PR | – | 0·93 | 1·01 | – | – | 0·77*** | 0·88* | – |
| 95 % CI | – | 0·78, 1·12 | 0·85, 1·21 | – | – | 0·69, 0·86 | 0·79, 0·99 | – | |
| Above primary | PR | – | 1·10 | 1·22* | – | – | 0·73*** | 0·91 | – |
| 95 % CI | – | 0·93, 1·31 | 1·02, 1·44 | – | – | 0·64, 0·83 | 0·80, 1·05 | – | |
Ref., reference category.
Model I, unadjusted; model II, model I adjusted for age; model III, model I additionally adjusted for wealth and education; model IV, combination of models II and III additionally adjusted for residence.
*P≤0·05, **P≤0·01, ***P≤0·001.