. 2016 Oct 21;20(4):578–597. doi: 10.1017/S1368980016002639

Table 4.

Summary of the 24 h recalls (24-HDR; n 6) identified for the assessment of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB): population, instrument purpose, mode, structure, prompts and portion estimation

Study	Population	Purpose	Mode	Structure	Prompts	Portion estimation
EPIC⁽ ⁴⁹ ^, ¹¹⁸ ⁾	Adults 30–70 years	Provide comparable food consumption data between several European countries	EPIC-SOFT One 24-HDR Computerised Face-to-face interview	1. ‘Quick list’: chronological entry of all foods and recipes consumed during day 2. Foods are entered per meal 3. Each ‘quick list’ item is described and quantified	Yes. Program mediated Checklist of easily forgotten foods	Estimated Six quantification methods including photos, shapes, household measurements, standard units, standard portions, volume method and ‘unknown’ method 4–6 portion sizes
HELENA⁽ ⁵² ^, ^53, ⁶⁸ ⁾	Adolescents 13–17 years	Assess food and nutrient intakes	HELENA-DIAT Two non-consecutive 24-HDR (within 2 weeks) Computerised Self-admin.	Six meal occasions	Yes. Program mediated Checked entries for the occurrence of F&V and sweets to ask adolescents if this was ‘really not consumed?’	Estimated Photographs Standard units, e.g. spoon, can, glass, grams
EYHS⁽ ⁴⁶ ^, ⁴⁸ ^, ⁷⁸ ⁾*	Children 9 and 15 years	Examine personal, environmental and lifestyle influences on cardiovascular risk factors Examine changes in diet intake over time⁽ ¹¹⁹ ⁾	One 24-HDR Paper-based Face-to-face recall interview preceded by 1d qualitative food record	Pre-coded food checklist on the 24-HDR Recorded: type/description/location	Yes. During face-to-face interview	Estimated Different-sized drinking glasses, plates, spoons and food pictures of most common foods and food groups in different portion sizes were used to estimate food quantities
ENERGY⁽ ⁵¹ ^, ¹⁰⁸ ⁾*	Children 10–12 years	Determine prevalence of EBRB Identify personal, family and school environmental correlates of EBRB	One 24-HDR Paper-based Self-admin.	Single question asked number of ‘Fizzy drinks or fruit squash’ consumed yesterday Six options ranging from ‘none’ to ‘5 or more’	No	Estimated (in-line) Subject can select number of glasses/small bottles (250 ml), cans (330 ml) and bottles (500 ml)
IDEFICS⁽ ³⁹ ^, ⁴⁰ ⁾ (SACINA)	Children 2–9 years (parents or guardians as proxies)	Determine the aetiology of overweight, obesity and related disorders	SACINA One 24-HDR Computerised Face-to face-interview Hungary: self-admin. 24-HDR completed at home	6 meal occasions	Yes. Program mediated Showed intake and asked participants ‘What food items are missing?’	Estimated Photographs, 6 glass sizes
I.Family Project⁽ ⁷⁰ ⁾*	Children and adolescents 8 years or older Parents No age range determined	Identify determinants of food choice and lifestyle	SACANA One 24-HDR Online self-admin.	Meal occasions 1 breakfast,1 lunch, 1 dinner; snacks and drinks as needed	Yes. Program mediated	Accurate portion size in grams or millilitres and graphical images and photos

EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; HELENA, Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence; EYHS, European Youth Heart Study; ENERGY, EuropeaN Energy balance Research to prevent excessive weight Gain among Youth; IDEFICS, Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infants; EBRB, energy-balance-related behaviours; self-admin., self-administered; F&V, fruits and vegetables.

Original instrument obtained for review.