Table 3.

Rate ratio (RR) and 95 % confidence interval of fast food and soda intake in the past week among the population of US veterans, California Health Interview Survey (2009, 2011/2012)

	Fast foods		Soda
	RR	95 % CI	RR	95 % CI
Poverty and food security
Below 200 % of the FPL, food insecure	1·24**	1·07, 1·44	2·42***	1·74, 3·37
Below 200 % of the FPL, food secure	0·99	0·86, 1·13	1·17	0·93, 1·47
At or above 200 % of the FPL	Ref.		Ref.
SNAP participation
Yes	0·86	0·66, 1·13	0·85	0·52, 1·40
No	Ref.		Ref.
Age (years)
18–24	2·23**	1·45, 3·43	2·94**	1·71, 5·03
25–44	1·94***	1·67, 2·24	2·16***	1·68, 2·78
45–64	1·47***	1·26, 1·72	1·31*	1·06, 1·62
65 or older	Ref.		Ref.
Sex
Male	1·28**	1·08, 1·51	2·10***	1·51, 2·92
Female	Ref.		Ref.
Race/ethnicity
Latino	0·97	0·80, 1·16	0·94	0·72, 1·23
Asian American/Pacific Islander	0·83	0·67, 1·03	0·77	0·50, 1·20
African American	1·06	0·91, 1·24	1·36*	1·03, 1·79
Other	0·99	0·85, 1·14	1·03	0·80, 1·33
Non-Hispanic White	Ref.		Ref.
Marital status
Currently married	0·94	0·85, 1·05	0·90	0·76, 1·08
Not currently married	Ref.		Ref.
Education level
High school or less	1·33***	1·16, 1·52	1·63***	1·31, 2·03
Some college/vocational/associate degree	1·32***	1·17, 1·49	1·30**	1·10, 1·54
Bachelor’s or more	Ref.		Ref.
Employment status
Currently unemployed	0·84*	0·74, 0·95	0·88	0·74, 1·05
Currently employed	Ref.		Ref.
Weight status
Overweight/obese	1·08	0·95, 1·22	0·83*	0·72, 0·97
Not overweight/obese	Ref.		Ref.
General health status
Fair/poor	1·08	0·92, 1·26	1·32*	1·09, 1·60
Excellent/very good/good	–		–
Risk behaviour
Smoke and binge drink	1·18	0·95, 1·47	1·55*	1·13, 2·13
Smoke or binge drink	1·02	0·91, 1·14	1·13	0·94, 1·35
None	Ref.		Ref.
Geographic setting
Rural	0·75***	0·67, 0·85	0·92	0·79, 1·08
Urban	Ref.		Ref.
Year
2011	1·04	0·95, 1·13	0·93	0·81, 1·08
2009	Ref.		Ref.

FPL, federal poverty level; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; Ref., reference category.

*P<0·05, **P<0·005, ***P<0·0001.