Table 4.
Rate ratio (RR) and 95 % confidence interval of fruit and vegetable intake in the past week among the population of US veterans, California Health Interview Survey (2009, 2011/2012)
| Fruits | Vegetables | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | 95 % CI | RR | 95 % CI | |
| Poverty and food security | ||||
| Below 200 % of the FPL, food insecure | 0·76** | 0·63, 0·90 | 0·88 | 0·74, 1·05 |
| Below 200 % of the FPL, food secure | 1·01 | 0·88, 1·14 | 0·97 | 0·91, 1·04 |
| At or above 200 % of the FPL | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| SNAP participation | ||||
| Yes | 0·69* | 0·48, 0·98 | 1·08 | 0·72, 1·63 |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–24 | 0·98 | 0·68, 1·43 | 0·97 | 0·77, 1·24 |
| 25–44 | 0·94 | 0·82, 1·09 | 1·08 | 0·96, 1·22 |
| 45–64 | 0·94 | 0·87, 1·02 | 1·03 | 0·95, 1·11 |
| 65 or older | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 0·79* | 0·67, 0·94 | 0·74*** | 0·67, 0·82 |
| Female | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Latino | 0·81** | 0·72, 0·92 | 0·66*** | 0·59, 0·73 |
| Asian American/Pacific Islander | 1·03 | 0·86, 1·24 | 0·86* | 0·77, 0·95 |
| African American | 0·91 | 0·80, 1·03 | 0·91* | 0·83, 0·98 |
| Other | 1·04 | 0·88, 1·22 | 0·94 | 0·86, 1·04 |
| Non-Hispanic White | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Currently married | 1·01 | 0·94, 1·09 | 1·06 | 0·99, 1·12 |
| Not currently married | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Education level | ||||
| High school or less | 0·76*** | 0·69, 0·82 | 0·79*** | 0·75, 0·84 |
| Some college/vocational/associate degree | 0·90* | 0·83, 0·99 | 0·88** | 0·82, 0·95 |
| Bachelor’s or more | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Employment status | ||||
| Currently unemployed | 0·98 | 0·89, 1·07 | 1·02 | 0·95, 1·10 |
| Currently employed | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Weight status | ||||
| Overweight/obese | 0·98 | 0·91, 1·05 | 0·94 | 0·87, 1·00 |
| Not overweight/obese | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| General health status | ||||
| Fair/poor | 0·94 | 0·85, 1·03 | 0·94 | 0·86, 1·03 |
| Excellent/very good/good | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Risk behaviour | ||||
| Smoke and binge drink | 0·69* | 0·53, 0·89 | 0·78** | 0·67, 0·90 |
| Smoke or binge drink | 0·91* | 0·84, 0·99 | 0·92* | 0·86, 0·98 |
| None | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Geographic setting | ||||
| Rural | 1·03 | 0·95, 1·12 | 1·00 | 0·94, 1·07 |
| Urban | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Year | ||||
| 2011 | 1·03 | 0·96, 1·11 | 1·02 | 0·96, 1·08 |
| 2009 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
FPL, federal poverty level; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; Ref., reference category.
*P<0·05, **P<0·005, ***P<0·0001.