Table 3.
Hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % CI for development of metabolic syndrome based on dietary habits in men and women of the Yazd Healthy Heart Project, Iran
| Men | Women | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusted (model I)* | Adjusted (model II)† | Crude | Adjusted (model I)* | Adjusted (model II)† | |||||||
| Risk factor | HR | 95 % CI | HR | 95 % CI | HR | 95 % CI | HR | 95 % CI | HR | 95 % CI | HR | 95 % CI |
| Weight-control programme (no) | 1·26 | 0·95, 1·66 | 1·17 | 0·88, 1·56 | 1·72 | 1·08, 2·74 | 1·10 | 0·83, 1·44 | 0·97 | 0·72, 1·30 | 1·22 | 0·55, 2·68 |
| Being on a special diet (no) | 0·78 | 0·58, 1·04 | 0·87 | 0·65, 1·18 | 0·65 | 0·41, 1·03 | 0·76 | 0·57, 1·02 | 0·82 | 0·61, 1·10 | 0·45 | 0·23, 0·89 |
| Eating salad (no) | 1·60 | 1·20, 2·16 | 1·49 | 1·10, 2·02 | 2·41 | 1·43, 4·08 | 0·98 | 0·70, 1·35 | 0·93 | 0·67, 1·29 | 0·89 | 0·32, 2·50 |
| Consuming mayonnaise (yes) | 0·90 | 0·66, 1·20 | 1·00 | 0·73, 1·36 | 0·89 | 0·54, 1·45 | 0·89 | 0·65, 1·21 | 0·95 | 0·69, 1·31 | 0·87 | 0·36, 2·11 |
| Salt intake with food when eating (yes) | 1·00 | 0·76, 1·30 | 1·13 | 0·85, 1·49 | 1·40 | 0·89, 2·23 | 1·17 | 0·87, 1·58 | 1·34 | 0·98, 1·83 | 2·16 | 0·97, 4·84 |
| Remove poultry skin (no) | 0·71 | 0·45, 1·11 | 0·71 | 0·45, 1·10 | 0·63 | 0·33, 1·22 | 1·03 | 0·60, 1·77 | 1·10 | 0·63, 1·88 | 0·79 | 0·29, 2·14 |
| High-fat dairy (yes) | 1·10 | 0·84, 1·46 | 1·10 | 0·83, 1·44 | 0·74 | 0·48, 1·16 | 1·10 | 0·75, 1·50 | 1·10 | 0·75, 1·50 | 1·27 | 0·53, 3·02 |
| Eating food out of home (yes) | 1·07 | 0·80, 1·43 | 1·22 | 0·90, 1·65 | 1·21 | 0·76, 1·92 | 0·88 | 0·67, 1·17 | 1·00 | 0·75, 1·35 | 0·86 | 0·41, 1·76 |
| Canned food (yes) | 1·15 | 0·56, 2·34 | 1·10 | 0·52, 2·18 | 2·37 | 0·32, 17·69 | 1·00 | 0·44, 2·29 | 1·39 | 0·59, 3·27 | 0·66 | 0·04, 9·36 |
| Fast food (yes) | 1·03 | 0·75, 1·43 | 1·40 | 0·95, 2·10 | 1·62 | 0·88, 2·98 | 0·55 | 0·37, 0·82 | 0·64 | 0·42, 0·98 | 0·66 | 0·18, 2·32 |
| Foods prepared in restaurant (yes) | 0·59 | 0·38, 0·92 | 0·66 | 0·42, 1·04 | 0·55 | 0·27, 1·10 | 0·40 | 0·17, 0·92 | 0·43 | 0·19, 0·99 | 0·08 | 0·01, 0·82 |
| Fried food (yes) | 0·75 | 0·58, 0·98 | 0·83 | 0·64, 1·09 | 0·74 | 0·47, 1·18 | 0·69 | 0·51, 0·93 | 0·76 | 0·56, 1·05 | 1·24 | 0·59, 2·63 |
| Boiled food (no) | 0·78 | 0·60, 1·01 | 0·86 | 0·65, 1·12 | 0·74 | 0·47, 1·18 | 0·69 | 0·51, 0·93 | 0·77 | 0·56, 1·05 | 1·26 | 0·59, 2·67 |
| High-fat meat (yes) | 0·99 | 0·73, 1·35 | 1·06 | 0·78, 1·45 | 1·13 | 0·68, 1·87 | 1·22 | 0·88, 1·67 | 1·24 | 0·90, 1·70 | 0·62 | 0·22, 1·74 |
| Using special measuring cup for adding oil (no) | 1·12 | 0·85, 1·47 | 1·23 | 0·93, 1·62 | 1·41 | 0·86, 2·33 | 1·18 | 0·89, 1·57 | 1·22 | 0·90, 1·62 | 0·60 | 0·20, 1·50 |
| Using special measuring cup for adding salt (no) | 1·25 | 0·94, 1·65 | 1·33 | 1·00, 1·76 | 1·61 | 0·96, 2·70 | 1·20 | 0·88, 1·62 | 1·21 | 0·89, 1·64 | 0·77 | 0·27, 2·13 |
*
Model I: adjusted for age.
†
Model II: adjusted for age, smoking, economic status, physical activity and education.